Leadership Theories Of Bill Gates And Oprah Winfrey Management Essay

leading Theories Of efflorescence provide And Oprah Winfrey Man growment EssayThis paper assists to critic totallyy survey the divers(a) leading theories and evaluate the drawship qualities of 2 prominent and prosperous production line attractionship in USA charge Gates (Founder and Chairman of Microsoft Corporation) and Oprah Winfrey (Global Media loss leader). Chapter 2 describes the background of Gates and Oprah. Gates, from his early interests in computer programming, dropping by from Harvard by choice, to how he successfully transformed his softw be company, Microsoft, from a miserable start-up company to one of the worlds largest and or so powerful corporations. On the opposite hand, Oprah, from her uncontrollable childhood experience just now early exposure to public speaking, to how her intentness and self-motivation in doing her best in whatever she does, have brought her to become a global media leader (her own The Oprah Winfrey Show, her own Harpo Pro ductions, her own O, The Oprah Magazine, etc.).Chapter 3 explores the developing of leadinghip theories, from Great Man and characteristics to the current Transformational opening.Gates and Oprah lead qualities be then magnetic inclinationed and comp bed with earlier described leading theories in Chapter 4 and 5.Chapter 6 covers the authors opinions and reasoned analysis about the leadership hyphens of Bill and Oprah before making the final conclusion in Chapter 7.2. Background of Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey2.1 Bill GatesWilliam (Bill) Henry Gates was born in Seattle USA, in 1955. His fuck off was a successful attorney and his mother was a t distributivelyer. At age 13, Gates discovered his interest in softw are product and began programming computers on a school computer at the private Lakeside schoolhouse (Microsoft 2010). In 1973, Gates enrolled at Harvard University and dropped out half-way as he necessityed to concentrate on his start-up software moving in an d did not want to miss the opportunity of developing software for private computers. His company Microsoft, the worlds frontmost microcomputer software company, was born in 1975. Gates later wrote, Our sign insight make e precisething else a bit easier. We were at the right calculate at the right period. We got there foremost (Krames 2003, p.157).In 1980, Gates was offered an symmetricalness to provide the operating system (MS-DOS) for IBMs tonic PC. He secured his future by insisting that Microsoft retained the copyright to the system, so that he could also liberty it to other hardware manufacturers. This contractual masterstroke helped propel Microsoft into its position as the countrys largest software company. In 2002, Gates topped the Forbes 400 list of the worlds wealthiest individuals, with a personal fortune of $43 billion (Krames 2003).Gates handed the reins and the title of chief operating officer over to Steve Ballmer in 2000, as Gates became Chairman and acted as headsman computer software Architect of Microsoft Corporation to help in developing next-generation products (Krames, 2003). Since 2006, irradiate Ozzie has assumed Gates previous title as Chief Software Architect as Gates wanted to devote an increasing harmonize of his time to the philanthropic The Bill Melinda Gates Foundation (Microsoft 2010). However, Gates continues to serve as Microsofts Chairman and an advisor on key development projects after(prenominal) July 2008 (Microsoft 2010). Time Magazine named Gates one of the most influential plenty of the 20th century.For the fiscal year ending June 2007, Microsoft had revenues of US$51.12 billion and employs more(prenominal) than than 78,000 muckle in 105 countries and regions (Microsoft 2010). Till now, Microsoft is still one of the worlds largest and most powerful corporations and currently ranked No.36 in Fortune 500 Companies list (CNN Money 2010).2.2 Oprah WinfreyOprah Gail Winfrey was born illegitimate in Mississi ppi USA, in 1954. She lived her early six years with her grandparents and was taught to read at an early age. Oprah began speaking in front of audiences since she was only 4 years old, touring local churches and reciting others sermons by depot (ONeil 2004). From age 6 to 13, she stayed with her mother in Milwaukee but suffered repeated roast and molestation by her relatives. Her mother later sent her to live with her father, Vernon Winfrey, in Nashville. With strict rules and high standards, Vernon helped to turn her life around. He taught her that she always had to chase after excellence in order to succeed. Oprah absorbed that attitude and said, Theres no much(prenominal) thing as failure in my life, I just dont call up in it (ONeil 2004, p.13).Oprahs broadcasting career began at age 17, when she was hired by WVOL radio in Nashville, and both years later signed on with WTVF-TV as a reporter. She also at laddered Tennessee State University, received her live Honours Degre e in Speech Communications and Performing Arts. Oprah travel up quickly and in 1978 discovered her talent for hosting talk shows when she became co-host of WJZ-TVs battalion are talking. In 1986, she began broadcasting nationally, via The Oprah Winfrey Show, which became the highest rated talk show in video history.Shes now the host and owner of The Oprah Winfrey Show, which consistently wins high ratings, and the founder of the Harpo Productions, Inc. which produces her boob tube shows and movies. Her O, The Oprah Magazine, launched by Hearst Publications in 2000, ranked in the top tier of new powder stores for circulation and advertising, becoming the first magazine ever to be both ad Age Launch of the Year and Magazine of the Year (ONeil 2004).In 2003, Oprah became the first African-American woman to join the ranks of billionaires, as published by Forbes magazine for that year (ONeil 2004). From 2004-2009, she was the only woman to have been included in all six of TIMEs 100 Most Influential populate in World lists.Today, Oprahs accomplishments as a global media leader and philanthropist has made her as one of the most respected and admired public figures in the world.3. Theories on lead Critical Literature SurveyLeadership definition and list of leadership theoriesAccording to Richard Daft (2008, p.4), leadership is defined as followsLeadership is an influence relationship among leaders and chase who intend satisfying changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes.The evolution of leadership theories started from Great Man and trait theories to the present Transformational leadership. Kippenberger (2002) reflects the time-line of such evolutionPeriodLeadership hypothesisUp to mid-1900s1900-481930s1945-60s1957-70s1967- Present twenty-four hours1970s-Present Day1970s-Present Day1970s-Present Day1978-Present Day1982-Present DayGreat Man TheoryTraits TheoryLewins research into autocratic, republican laissez-faire stylesBehavioural Theory (especially Ohio, Michigan, Texas)Situational Theory hazard Theory magnetized Leadership group LeadershipServant LeadershipTransformational LeadershipIn search of Excellence thousands of management books on leadershipTable 3.1 origin Time-line figure from The Leadership Styles by Tony Kippenberger (2002)Great Man Theoryestablish on the belief that leaders are born with innate leadership qualities and destined to lead. This is no longer true in todays leadership concept.Trait TheoryArose from Great Man theory which assumed that people are born with inherited traits and so by identifying the list of traits of successful leaders, it was believed that people with such traits could subsequently be recruited into leadership position.However, there exists people with these traits but are not leaders or people without some of these traits but are leaders making the results inconsistent and inconclusive. Therefore, researchers started to evolve the next two theories (Behaviorist and Situati onal).Stogdill (1974) identified the following traits and skills as vital to leadersTraitsSkillsAdaptable to lines alert to social environmentAmbitious and achievement-orientedAssertiveCooperativeDecisive authenticDominantEnergeticPersistentSelf-confidentTolerant of stresswill to assume responsibilityClever (intelligent)Conceptually skilledCreative diplomatic and tactfulFluent in speakingKnowledgeable about crowd taskOrganisedPersuasiveSocially skilledTable 3.2 Leadership Traits and Skills (Stogdill, 1974)Behavioural TheoryBehavioural Theory looks at the behaviours of leaders sort of of focusing on their inborn traits or capabilities. It believes that leaders can be made, rather than are born and behaviours can be learned more readily than traits. This opens the floodgates to leadership development and schools of researchers.Tannenbaum and Schmidt (cited by Daft 2008) illustrated that leadership behaviour could exist on a continuum reflecting different amounts of employee partic ipation. Thus one leader can be autocratic (boss-centred), another democratic (employee-centred), and a ternion a mix of the two styles. However, Tannenbaum and Schmidt suggested that the leader might adjust their behaviours to summate the circumstances.John AdairBlake and Moutons Leadership Grid (cited by Daft 2008), as simplify in below table, focuses on production (task) and employee (people) preferences of managers, and combination of concerns between the two extremes. Leaders are rated on a scale of one to baseball club according to two criteria ( line for People on vertical axis and Concern for Results on horizontal axis). The highly recommended and most trenchant style is Team caution as it rated blue (for People) and High (for Task) and escape accomplishment is from move people while leader is committed to both people and task. Today, the consensus is that leaders can achieve a high-high leadership style (Daft 2008).Concern for PeopleHighCountry Club ManagementTeamM anagementMediumMiddle-of-the-road ManagementLowImpoverished ManagementAuthority-Compliance ManagementLowMediumHighConcern for ResultsTable 3.3 The Leadership Grid (simplified)Situational or Contingency TheoryLeadership style adopted is contingent upon situational factors such as the characteristics of the chase, characteristics of the work environment and companions tasks, and the external environment (Daft 2008). Leadership style that is successful in some situations may not be efficient in others. Hence, in order to increase the likelihood of successful leadership outcomes, the leader has to fully discern the characteristics of tasks, followers and organizations and subsequently adopt the most effective leadership style.Fiedlers Contingency Model (Daft 2008) serves to diagnose whether a leader is task-oriented or relationship-oriented and match leader style to the situation in terms of 3 key elements (Leader member relations, Task structure and Position Power) which can be eit her favourable or unfavourable to a leader. Task-oriented leaders tend to do better in very easy or very difficult situations whereas relationship-oriented leaders do best in intermediate favourability.Hersey and Blanchards Situational Theory (Daft 2008) focuses on the readiness level of the followers to determine the effective leader behaviours such as Telling, Selling, Participating and Delegating style.The Path-Goal Theory (Daft 2008) states that leaders are responsible to increase followers motivation by clarifying the behaviours requisite for task accomplishment and rewards. The four types of behaviours the leader can adopt are swanive, directive, achievement-oriented and participative styles and the two important situational contingencies are the personal characteristics of followers and the work environment.The Vroom-Jago Contingency Model (Daft 2008) focuses on varying degrees of participative leadership, and how each level of participation influences tonus and accountabi lity of decisions. The model has three major components leader participation styles (Decide, bring up individually, Consult Group, Facilitate or Delegate), a set of 7 symptomatic questions (High or Low answer) with which to analyse a decision situation, and a serial publication of decision rules. It also takes into account factors such as concern for time versus concern for followers development. Leaders can analyze each situation and answer a series of questions that help determine the appropriate level of followers participation.Charismatic LeadershipCharismatic Leadership is based on leaders personal characteristics as a source of power to emotionally impact people by appealing to both the heart and mind. These leaders bring to pass an atmosphere of change, articulate an idealized vision of the future, inspire and activate followers with an abiding faith.Team LeadershipDaft (2008) believes that team leadership is based on three principles Firstly, team leaders must create a vi vid vision that is challenging and inspiring so that it provides a strong sense of purpose and direction. Secondly, team leaders must be willing to admit their ignorance or mistakes and the third principle is to provide support and coaching to team members.Transactional Transformational TheoryJames MacGregor Burns conceptualized leadership as either transactional or transformational in 1978.Transactional leadership is a transaction or exchange offset between leaders and followers (Daft 2008). Transactional leaders recognizes followers needs and desires and then clarifies how those needs and desires will be satisfied in exchange for meeting specified objectives or performing certain duties. Thus, followers receive rewards for job performance, whereas leaders benefit from the completion of tasks.Transformational leadership is characterized by the ability to bring about significant change in followers and the organization (Daft 2008). Transformational leaders have the ability to lead changes in an organisations vision, strategy, and acculturation as well as promote innovation in products and technologies (Daft 2008). Transformational leaders stimulate and inspire followers to both achieve the outcomes and develop them into leaders. Transformational leadership is based on the personal values, beliefs and qualities of the leader rather than an exchange process between leaders and followers (Daft 2008). Recent studies support the idea that transformational leadership has a positive impact on follower development and follower performance. Avolio, Bass and Jung (Cited by Bass, 2006) have identified the four components of transformational leadership as Idealized Influence, Inspirational Motivation, Intellectual Stimulation and Individualised Consideration.3.9 X (Female) Y (Male) of LeadershipLiz Cook and Brian Rothwell (2000) convincingly describe the differences (structural, operational and chemical) in the caput of male and womanly, which attribute to their dif ferent thinking and act even when face up with similar leadership situations. Their interpretation (Cook Rothwell, 2000) is that the natural and genetic gifts that the average female and male brain brings to leadership are as followsFeminine manfulRelationship orientationDialogueListeningCoachingAppreciation of paradoxInterpersonal connectionsSocial awarenessGroup workingMulti-taskingAppreciation of promissory noteAction orientationCompetitivenessVisionInventivenessRisk-takingTarget orientationStatus quo challengeDesire to be the bestFocus twist and formTable 3.4. Average Female and Male genetic gifts frequently of the debate in the 1990s spent time persuading leaders that it was practised to be female and it was men who needed to change their leadership style to feminine-oriented leadership, with the emphasis on building relationship. Nevertheless, Cook Rothwell (2000) believed that leadership training should take the strengths of both approaches as the strengths of both sex es are needed to counteract the weaknesses that each sex brings to the leadership equation.4. coincidence of Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey Leadership Qualities4.1 Gates Leadership QualitiesGates possesses the following traits Introvert, Intelligent, Knowledgeable, Aggressive, Charisma, Visionary, etc.Original vision when Microsoft was founded was a computer in every home.Oprah Leadership QualitiesOprah possesses the following traits Extrovert, Intelligent, Self-Confident, Determined, Persistence, Excellent Communicator, Charisma, etc.Comparison of Gates and Oprah Leadership Qualities with Leadership TheoriesBoth Gates and Oprah follows Transformational Leadership Theory5. Comparison of Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey Leadership Qualities and with Leadership Theories/Models5.1 Comparison of6. Authors opinions about Bill Gates and Oprah Winfrey Leadership Styles A REASONED compendium AND APPROACHComparison of Bill and OprahMotivation and Empowerment, Communication, Teams, Diversity, Le arning Organization, Ability in bringing about changeMotivation Employees satisfaction Customers Satisfaction Customers trueness Companys ProfitabilityMaslows Hierarchy of NeedsLeadership CommunicationEffective listen and deduce why listening is important to leadership communication.Recognize and take in the difference between dialogue and discussion.Appropriate communication channel for your leadership message.Use communication to influence and persuade others.Effectively communicate during time of stress or crisis.Transformational and charismatic leadership7. ConclusionBased on extensive reading and research on leadership books, the authors conclude that effective leadership really boils down to how each leader first understand himself and then his followers, his organization and all external factors (inclusive of awareness of diversity, cultural differences and fast-flying changing environment) prior to adopting the appropriate leadership styles and behaviours to suit th ese situations. In other words, theres no one fixed style as his or her leadership style should vary as per todays rapid changing and diversified business world.Gates is a visionary whereas Oprah is a transformational leader.

Nutrition in Residential Care Settings

Nutrition in Residential C atomic number 18 Settings health, Wellness and Nutrition worldIn this assignment, I will discuss various aspects of nutrition in a Residential C ar compass. I will look at the opportunities and ch whollyenges a affable disturbance effecter has in addressing the holistic and nutritional studys of the clients and provide. I will look at some of especial(a) dietary considerations and the social factors that ar involved in a residential feel for setting.Residential C atomic number 18Residential Care is an alternative anxiety for young concourse whose family are unable to bid for them. These centres are managed by the Family Support Agency, now Tulsia, or by a voluntary or private Company. There are usually between two and sise young passel living in each house. In 2013, in that location were 321 baberen in residential centres. (www.dcya.gov.ie)The children who live in residential dispense merit the very best care that social care surveyers ba throom provide. To win this, their nutritional deprivations re mete out to be met to ensure that each person can reach their full potential. companionable care workers hold back a duty to look after and provide candid wholesome regimen at the centre. Food is an of import part of everyones life wherefore social care workers need to support children in residential care to use up rock-loving choices and give them virtual(a) skills and association to enable them to make the right choices for their health and wellbeing.( Caroline walker Trust) The nutrition pyramid is the recommended subscribe to that is use in Ireland. Foods are divided into different parts in the pyramid to show the recommended intake of each nutrient group. It states that you should eliminate people of bread, rice pasta and other starchy foods preferably wholegrain varieties with cardinal or more servings for all ages. Although men and boys may eat up to 12 servings depending on how active they ar e.Plenty of fruit and vegetables, at least six or more portionsThree servings of milk, cheese or yoghurt. Children and teenagers will need more. most meat, fish, eggs beans, pulses, and other non-sources of protein. Two servings is sufficient.Very small marrows of fats and oil.A very small amount or none of foods or drinks that is richly in sugar.( Safe food.)A report published in England by Save the Children in 1998, Look Ahead Young people in Residential Care and Food stated that, many young people who had odd residential care were unequipped to live independently. For example, they did non have the skills to shop and cook and this led to unhealthy lives. Young people who had left the service said that they did not learn enough food skills. slight than half of the young people said they had never helped to prepare a meal most of the actives they had taken part in involved setting the tables, washing up or peeling the vegetables. Less than a third base said they had a role in the menu planning. The study a handle showed that a major barrier in residential care was the Health and Safety regulations that excluded young people from the kitchen. (eatingwellchildren2001pdf)Special Dietary ConsiderationsChildren and young people need the right balance of food and nutrients to enjoy a healthy life. The key is to get the balance right, to provide essentianal vitamins, minerals, protein and fibre into the diet. If there are insufficient nutrients in the diet, this can lead to infirmitys and bad health. Childhood fleshiness has increased over the past few years. Obesity affects children in a number of ways including physical mental and emotional wellbeing. If it continues into adult life, it can have serious affects on health much(prenominal) as diabetes, affectionateness disease stroke and some types of cancers. section 3 nutrition focus scotish download.Putting into practise a healthy eating plan in a residential care setting, needs to be approached in a sensitive way. It may take time for young people, to adopt a healthier eating plan and to feel comfortable eating in a group. Some young people may choose eat a vegetarian diet. The staff must ensure that this type of diet is wide-ranging as much as possible to make sure that computable sources of iron, zinc, protein and calcium are included in their diet.Some children in residential care may have a food intolerance or food allergy, which is a response to a food or ingredient. Some foods can cause a severe hypersensitive reaction (anaphylactic shock) to such food as peanuts, shellfish or eggs. This should be highlighted in the childs care plan. Anaphylaxis is the most serious type of allergic reaction and you could die without the proper medical intervention. Although food is the most common allergic reaction insect stings and sometimes exercise can cause anaphylactic shock. The symptoms usually occur within minutes but it can too take a few hours after exposure. As social care workers, it is crucial to be aware of the signs and symptoms as it can happen to anyone at any time. ( www.anaphylaxis.ca)Unlike this serious life threatening allergy are those who suffer from celiac disease. This disease causes the person to react to gluten which is the protein found in wheat. People with celiac disease have an intolerance to wheat products such as bread, cakes, and biscuits. It causes damage to the lining of the small intestine and thus prevents the soaking up of nutrients. The only way to manage celiac disease is to avoid all foods that contain gluten to prevent further damage. (Celiac society of Ireland)Diabetes like celiac disease is also an autoimmune condition that results in the body unable to beam up sugar (glucose) properly. This happens when the pancreas does not produce sufficient insulin a indispensable hormone that regulates blood sugar level. Insulin helps the sugar in the blood go into the cells of thee organs in the body. Without this process to much sugar would progress up in the blood. As a result, this can cause faintness flunk and coma. There are two types of DiabetesType 1 Diabetes occurs mostly in children and young people. It requires the person to take insulin injections as well as a healthy nutritious diet and exercise. In the residential centre, the staff would have to monitor the persons diet to make sure that the amount of insulin is carefully balanced against the food that supplies the sugar and the amount of excise that is burn mark off the sugar.Type 2 Diabetes is on the rise and it is generally seen in older adults. It can be kept under control with a good healthy diet usually there is no need for insulin but some people need to take tablets. (Kirkpatrick, 2004)Social factorsMealtimes are an in-chief(postnominal) part of our culture. It is where children learn about behaviour and develop saucy skills. It also offers a sense of belonging. Children in residential care may never have stimulated this with their own family. Mealtimes should be an enjoyable experience where staff and children can share stories. When planning a meal it is important to take every person likes and dislikes into consideration. Children who have special diets or those who are vegetarian need a variety of suitable nutritious food. Child care (Placement of Children in Residential Care) Regulations, 1995, Part 111, Article 11. www.dcya.gov.ie xxxxxxxxxxput inIt is important to build good relationships between staff and children. The care workers ought to look for the views of the children around food and food-related issues. This should be a fundamental part of day-to-day activities at the centre. Social care workers at residential centres have an opportunity to improve childrens experience and health and wellbeing in areas of food practise. It is important for staff to adopt a healthy eating plan, as this will serve as a good example to the children. Children need to develop practical skills around budgeting , buying, preparing and cooking of food as this will prepare them for when the put up the centre. www.Scotland. Gov.uk.Food can work as powerful symbolic mean(a) where thoughts, feelings, and relationships are played out and it can be a recyclable tool for children who have experienced neglect. Through food, children can experience symmetry and nurture and develop autonomy with a sense of control. It can register trust and care. Food is a simple way for a social care worker to monitor the ethos and the culture of the centre. By reflecting on the food practices and attitudes towards food, you can see how your centre is doing in many ways.ReflectionI have found this staff both interesting and challenging. I did not realise how complex and intense it would be. I have really enjoyed encyclopaedism about nutrition and I have integrated this new knowledge into my family life. It has changed the way I look at food. I would also like to do a course on nutrition, as it is such an impo rtant aspect of overall health and wellbeing. I have a good understanding now on infections and diseases, which is so important to social care practise and in my own personal life. The subject that has had the most extend to on was the subject of child abuse. I found it very illuminating and very challenging. This subject has really opened my eyes to the realness of the work that is involved in social care practise.I feel this module is central to social care practise and it has prepared me for social work. I have gained practical every day skills that I will require, to work as a social care worker.

Can Men and Women Be Friends?

Can Men and Wo custody Be Friends?In the federation that we know today, right the selfsame(prenominal) as in the society that was know 100 years ago, the idea that workforce and wo hands discharge just be friends has been discussed. Discussed during common conversation, explored in books, poetry, motion-picture shows, and any other genre of communication that female genitals be thought of. at that place is a host of ideas, definitions, opinions and facts that mustiness be considered to answer this question. in that location ar legion(predicate) challenges as to wherefore manpower and wowork force can be friends and just as many as to wherefore they cannot be just friends. My own life experiences have made me rattling interested in this very question. Can I be just a friend to a woman and likewise, can a woman just be a friend to me? There have been many times in my life when a current kindred has depended on this question a future kindred has depended on this quest ion, and a former(prenominal) relationship that has depended on this question. There is a possibility that custody and women can be friends. Certain words and ideas must be defined, stack must be communicate as to why acquaintances can work mingled with opposite sexes, and those friendships that do not work, must be dissected to target why it did not work. Answering this question and the on outlet enquiry that is creation d sensation is springy to forevery generation. An bonnie answer could prohibit yen or deliver a new pool of friends that could be made, provide a opposite structure of friendship and number of other things. It lead be beneficial to some(prenominal) sexes.Friendship is defined as one attached to another by respect or affection (Websters Dictionary, 1994). With this simplex definition, in that location should be no reason at all that men and women cannot be friends. As long as you respect the man or woman and feel affection for them, that should be the end of the story. Then why does it not eer work unwrap? Could it possibly be that men and women view the term friend differently? Do they have different reasons for friendship? Research suggests that friends must enjoy each others company, they must be useful to one another, and they must share a common load to the groovy (Bell, 1991). Women typically describe their friendship in terms of amour and emotional attachment. The recordistics the relationships amidst women is the willingness to share their feelings, thoughts, feelings and support. Mens relationships tend to focus around accredited activities and are more(prenominal) segmented (Bell, 1991). It is a relationship between men that serve as a buffer to stress and reduce falloff (Bell, 1991). It is more difficult to make a true friend that encompasses character traits that prove beneficial to both parties intents and purposes.Studies do suggest the friendships between men and women versus same sex friendships are much less common (Newton, 2008). These same studies also indicate that this is because have sexs of possessiveness and jealousy come into gyp just as they would in a relationship that is familiar in nature (Newton, 2008). gibe to Dr. Jane Greer, often, when men and women are friends, theyve already had a relationship and flaccid the intimate energy they used to generate it (2009). There are certain circumstances that would allow for men and women to just be friends. The main issue as to why beingness friends just does not work is the topic of sexual tension. In the movie When molest Met Sally, Harry informs Sally during their first collision that it is a fact the men and women cannot be friends. This is because one will always want to sleep with the other. There is simply no way of acquire around that. Perhaps a man or woman is friends with somebody of the opposite sex solely it could be that one of them is keeping the preference open for a sexual connection. Perhaps not right now, provided maybe in the future (Greer, 2009). The only answer memorizems to be to diffuse whatever sexual tension exists.The circumstances of the friendship between a man and woman has a lot to do with the triumph of a platonic relationship. Those friendships that succeed can because the people involved are in different stages of their lives, proximity to each other or they may be get hitched with. These are practicalities that may make having a romantic involvement hopeless (Greer, 2009). There of course are cases of friends who have different sexual orientations and hence the main problem of having sexual tension, simply does not exist. Because all friendships are built upon a mutual friendship and on compatibility, the potential for hallucination between a man and a woman being friends is definitely present. In order to diffuse that issue, it must be addressed in order for some sort of resolution to take place and from there, send away on (Greer, 2009). check to Michael Ferrel, there are four key obstacles to the victory of male-female friendships. The inability to define the relationship (Ferrell,). Men and women have to be honest about the relationship, whatever the reason. There must be honesty as to what the attraction is whether it was sexual, having common interests, etc. A fear of confronting feelings of sexual attraction (Farrell 1) is another obstacle that is stated. Whether or not the feeling are there, which there usually is, being suitable to bubble to your friend about them is vital to the success of the friendship. A third obstacle is the inability of both partners to see each other as equals and the fourth is societys response to a non-romantic relationship (Farrell, 2008). These are serious impediments for a cross-gender friendship to work but not so serious that it is impossible.When Harry Met Sally (1989) is a classic movie that explores the four key obstacles to the success of a cross-gender relationship. Harry and Sally were both very honest by means ofout their friendship and that is the only reason why such a relationship could work. It was definitely not love at first sight. It was a friendship of support through the entire story. According to research, men and women in platonic friendships enjoy many benefits from their relationships. Men bet to get more out of the cross-sex friendship. In a study by a psychologist in New York State, men rated cross-sex friendships higher in boilers suit quality than their same-sex friendships (Farrell, 2008). This can be for reasons of perhaps being able to more easily express their feelings and get a female perspective on things. The old adage that men are from Mars and women are from genus Venus eludes to how very different our deuce sexes are. Why not find out what the other team is thinking? These friendships can provide support, love and an opportunity to understand life through someone elses eyes.In watching When Harry Met Sally (1989), it is evident that are many different types of friendships at play through the entire movie. Although Harry and Sally did end up being romantically involved, that is not to say that that is how it had to happen. If Harry could not have married Sally or been romantically involved with her, he would take her as a friend and vice-a-versa. Each had their own friends that were of the same gender but as Harry said, there are things that I can talk to her about that I cant talk to you about, when speaking with his male friend. There are benefits as well as costs to every relationship but they disc overed a true friendship that ended with them fall in love and being married. Perhaps if more people in our society focused on friendship, there would be more success in the married lives of people today.Men and women can most certainly be just friends. There will be obstacles but through honesty, those obstacles can be overcome. I have a very good friend that happens to be the opposite sex. I have kn own her for over ten years and friendship is as far as it has ever gone. She offers support, enjoys activities that I do, compliments my personality, but I view her as a type of family member with no real sexual attraction. An obstacle that was addressed by Harry was that if you do get involved with someone romantically, they may have a problem with that person. Whats missing from our relationship (When Harry Met Sally, 1989)? That has been issue but only because to find a platonic relationship between a man and woman is so rare to find in a pure form. I would rather keep my friend than to be with someone who does not understand a real friendship. Through me dictum that, that shows that a true friendship can exist without false pretenses. There have also been times when I thought I was friends with a person only to soon realize that that is not what is really going to happen. Either I become attracted to her or she becomes attracted to me. In order to catch friends with that perso n, the sexual tension has been addressed and either we can remain friends or not. But that is not to say that it is impossible. When Harry Met Sally (1989) sends the message that two people can be just friends.Research has more often than not indicated that it is possible for these mixed-gender friendships to work. I was surprised to learn that this fact is supported. It is in every movie, television show and real life experiences that men and women cannot be friends, and yet, we now find out that they can. This research was purely based from research that was conducted in the United States. It would be incredibly interesting to have a cross-cultural perspective on this topic as relationships between men and women differ across our world.In no way should men not be friends with women or women not be friends with men simply because they do not think that it could be done or they are intercommunicate for something more than just the friendship. We can see through this research that age there are times that these friendships lead to more, those that succeed can find a true friend and have a lasting friendship that will provide other elements that they may not be able to receive from a same-sex friendship.

United States Economic Interest in South Asia

linked States scotch sp atomic number 18-time activity in s come forwardheastward AsiaAfter the Cold War, US emerged as the resole super power in the valet de chambre. It started breaking military bases in completely countrys slightlywhat the world. Central Asia, S asideh Asia, Middle East and East Asia ar the localitys which beat their own peculiarities. South Asia due to its nominal head along Indian nautical, proximity to inunct rich Central Asian States, nuclear rivalry amidst India and Pakistan and its neighbourhood with Afghanistan has peculiarities and strategic importance which US could not ignore. Resultantly, especially after 9/11, US entered this region in the garb of war on terrorism and engaged both Pakistan and India in strong strategic dealinghip. progeny of China and India in the region as stinting powers has attracted the world powers. This written report exit endeavour to highlight US sparing involvement in this region to gain hegemony in the Indian Ocean, maintain presence in crude rich central Asia, check Chinese influence in South and Central Asia and Indian Ocean, continue its war on terrorism in Afghanistan and bring policy-making stability, control f number one of oil from Persian Gulf, and gain control of Sea Line of Communications in the Indian Ocean. After identifying and analysing US economic interests in particular, certain recommendations would be proffered for South Asian countries so that we should not fall prey to the owing(p) plump for of the super power.Problem StatementEconomic affairs assimilate untrue a greater importance under the prevalent environments of uni-polar world, where major powers be looking for new markets. South Asia is one of the jumbogest and most lucrative consumer markets. acclivitous economies of India and China has given special status to this region. Resultantly, US economic interests in the region moderate change magnitude its whileifold.Foregoing in view, carry ou t an in depth study of US economic interest in South Asia, its implications for the region and suggest recommendations for regional nations to safe guard their economic interests.BackgroundEconomic sphericalization involves arguably the most fundamental redesign and centralization of the planets political and economic arrangements since the Industrial Revolution. disrespect the scale of the global re put uping, neither our educational institutions nor the mass media throw away make credible effort to describe what is being formulated, to explain its root philosophies or to explore the multidimensionality of its effect on out society and sparing.The occasional descriptions or predictions slightly the global prudence and scarcely the US interests highlighted deem show place in the media. Hissing sound is heard from corporate leaders, their associate in high levels of g all overnment and newly powerful centralized global art bureaucracy. The vision they offer us atomic numbe r 18a unfailingly positive, charge utopian. Globalization i.e by increasing US ingress in our economy will remain to be a panacea for all our ills.Sri Lanka a kindred the other third world countries confronts a major dilemma at present regarding its deplorable economic conditions internally and trying to keep her relevance in the charging economic climate of South Asia. Growing US interest in the region is in fact the food for thought for Sri Lankan think tanks. social function of workplaceThe growing US interest in India is to be viewed intentionally and at the equal time its effect. Thus clear shift from Geo political/ strategic to Geo economic is visible on the map of South Asia. Study thus seeks to analyze the affect of growing US interests in the region and Sri Lankan stance being relevant to the changing US economic interests in South Asia.chapter twoSignifi providece of the StudyIn todays world, power is not merely depending on a countrys might in her Military. The ec onomic stability and sustainability excessively caprioles a resplendent role. Its vitally serious not all for the countries who atomic number 18 big in population or in geographical bea, but in those countries who are small in size of land in ground of population. The geographic location where the country lies does play no lesser degree.The question topic revolves around the abjectest regions in the world and has cardinals of middle-class citizens. Plagued by low levels of literacy, its nonetheless produces distinguished scientists, artists and professionals. Contains an awesome and bewildering diversity of languages, religions and ethnicities, but is remarkably cohesive in terms of physical environment and natural re beginnings. The countries dowery rivers, mountains systems, oceans and ecological cycles such as the life-sustaining mon presently rains. The states of the region corroborate their parcel of disputes, along with deeply shared cultures and history. The pro spect of a new sacking in South Asia US relations must be snip against a past often burdened by mistrust and astutely different objectives. During most of the post World War II period, US ties with India and Pakistan, the regions two powers, vacillated between secretive embrace and spooky distance. The US interest in the region has risen and fallen same has been viewed with a new dimension i.e the economic dimension of the US in the South Asian region.Before taking any come along into the methodological analysis and the problem statement it is worth mentioning the US economic interest in South Asian Countries specific.AfghanistanPresent Aims Of US. In Afghanistan effort to transform what had acquire one of the worlds principal sources of instability into a specify and prosperous country. Steps which full fill the Geo Political aims of US are-Rebuilding of the country and the society.Loya Jirga has been institutionalized.Rebuilding the countrys infrastructure, education, he alth systems and shelter forces.Forward-looking economic policies.US has already provided over $2 meg in assistance to Afghanistan and will be providing an additional $2.2 billion to a greater extent than than during this year.Training Afghan army, police forces US and other assort are also building a network of Provincial Reconstruction Teams to servicing provide local tribute and coordinate disciplinement and reconstruction slice easing the transition to polishedian rule.Efforts to disarm and demobilize militias1.BangladeshBack Ground. US and Bangladesh have been close friends and partners since 1971. Today the stakes are great experts compute that by the year 2025, there will be over two hundred million citizenry in Bangladesh and over 25 million slew in Dhaka alone. Thus demographic challenges are of a great concern to a take oning nation.US Investment and disturbances. At $1.3 billion, the US is Bangladeshs biggest foreign investor. The concerns of US while in vesting are-Privatization, exportation diversification, deregulation, financial celestial sphere reform, and major infrastructure investitures are essential to turn back the declining foreign enthronement trends and achieve steady economic growth.Corruption and piteous governance.US has increased its assistance to Bangladesh for promoting republic and good governance and combating decadency to over $8 million in Fiscal Year 2006.The hub of race remains an attraction with availability of cheap and good labor.As per Vishal, ground forces Bangladesh can seek a lot tech overhaul from large partner USA and in turn send technical man power to the States?2.Bangladesh is sitting virtually on oil?3.Bangladesh Interests. Few of the analysts moot the US chairpersons one day remonstrate to the country is extremely important with the oil and gas reserves resemblingly to be tapped. Bangladesh interests remain with US as-Aid oriented with investment in basic infrastructure. tender resource victimisation?.China4. Chinas entry into the WTO, makes the deal sound like a sure-fire winner for US workers. In particular, the deals deliverers argue that grow wad relations with China will lead solely to to a greater extent exports to China. A closer look at the US governments own entropy reveals following-China trade throwment under WTO and with US will be of greater capital mobility into China.US multinationals eager to deliver goods and operate to the Chinese market as 1.1 Billion population market.Produce goods chintzily that can then be exported to the US and other markets.ResultsGrowing US trade deficit with China.Growth of US multinationals and direct foreign investment i.e 10% increase in US direct investment in China.7.3% increase in the volume of imports from China and a 2.1% decline of US exports to China.Surge of investment by US firms in China and the US trade deficit with China.Import competition from China involves different industries than in the past.Job losses seen by analysts in US markets thus a technological shift to the populous pole of the world.IndiaIndo-US Relations Since 1991. India and the US have multi faceted relations ranging from political, strategic to economic and commercial. India-US economic relations in the form of reversible investments and trade constitute important elements in India-US bilateral relations particularly beca occasion India is now the second fastest growing economy in the world and USA is the worlds largest economy. Economic Reforms introduced since 1991 have radically changed the course of the Indian economy and led to its gradual integrating with the global economy. Benefits of the reform process are-Better growth rates, higher(prenominal) investment and trade flows and accelerated decline in income poverty.USA is the largest investing country in India in terms of FDI approvals, actual inflows and portfolio investment.US investments dawn almost ein truth sector in India, which is b rusk for private participants.Indias investments in USA are picking up. USA is also Indias largest trading partner.By 2003, India became the 24th largest export destination for the US.Since 2000, the two countries have been making efforts to beef up institutional structure of bilateral economic relations by means of the India-US Economic Dialogue? that aims at deepening the Indo-American fusion by means of regular dialogue and engagement?5.The strategical Economic prop of the US-India Relationship. India-US relations have seen a remarkable transformation over the goal decade. The recent bilateral visit of Prime Minister to Washington from November 22-26, 2009 as the first State Guest of hot seat Barack Obama has reaffirmed the global strategic coalition between India and the get together States. The two leaders have reaffirmed that the jet ideals and completing strengths of India and the United States provide a foundation for addressing the global challenges of the twen ty-first blow and resolved to build on these to expand the U.S.-India global partnership for interchangeable benefit.It emanates from reformed and global Indian economy. Key contributors so as the US takes full advantage are6-Economy. US and India are expanding cooperation to enhance hypothesise creation and economic growth tin economic reforms and rest develop a bilateral business climate supportive of trade and investment and improve market attack for goods and operate.Trade. Over the last five years, US exports to India have more than doubled, helping to create better-paying jobs in the US. The US and India agree that trade is essential to promoting global economic growth, education, freedom, and prosperity. Both countries are commit to completing the WTO Doha Development Agenda before the end of 2006.Investment. The US and India have agreed to hold a high-level public-private investment pennant in 2006 and are continuing the dialogue on further liberalization of inves tment restrictions, regulatory transparency, dispute settlement, reducing tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade.Agriculture. The US and India have launched the Knowledge Initiative on agriculture to link universities, technical institutions, businesses to support high-priority joint agriculture education, research, capacitance-building projects and biotechnology. The joint declaration made in vernal Delhi during electric chair Clintons visit i.e. India-US Relations A Vision for the 21st deoxycytidine monophosphate incorporates two important statements- Natural partnership of shared endeavours and more importantly that In many ways the character of the 21st century will depend on the success of our cooperation for peace, prosperity and country and freedom. love-in-idleness, prosperity, democracy and freedom cannot be secured by rhetoric, as has been the Indian experience. These can unless be secured by rhetoric, as has been the Indian experience. These can only be achieved finished and through politico-strategic initiatives with the strategic predominating. The Vision of India-US relations, jointly seen, should therefore, logically incorporate the development of a strategic partnership, prompted by the imperatives discussed about. chair Clintons visit to India, it is hoped heralds the climax of the inevitable.7.Importance of Indian American Joint Venture. Today, Indian-American and Indian investors enjoy a very influential presence in Washington, key areas being-rampart Street/Media. Some 2 million people of Indian air are in the US wall street/media business.Indian Students In US. There are over 85,000 Indian students in the US more than from China.Benefits To Indian Populous. US trade and investment with India is only 10 share of what it is with China, this is changing to the benefit of Americans and Indians through increased opportunities in India for American trade and investment. Polls in India show a notable 75 share favorable view of the US.Out Sourcing. While outsourcing has become a controversial issue, the US actually enjoys a healthy surplus in trade in services with India. In 2004, US exported $4.6 billion worth of services to India, a surplus of $1.8 billion.Trade Growth. $16 billion in nonpartizan trade in 1998, US-India trade has grown to $26 billion in 2005 US exports, now at approximately $8 billion, grew almost 30 share last year and is expected to continue further.Strategic bargain Agreements. Boeing has sold almost $15 billion in new aircraft to India and two US airlines have opened non-stop routes to India. personal line of creditport privatization is underway and the air apotheosis market has grown by close to 40 percent in the past year.Indias verve Needs. India is a nation of 1.1 billion people. With its speedy economic expansion, it has a massive and rapidly growing appetite for competency and is already the worlds sixth largest consumer of get-up-and-go. US-India Energy Dialogue, aimed at strengthening energy security and promoting the development of stable and efficient markets in India. US India Civil nuclear Cooperation Initiative. Civil nuclear cooperation with India will elevate the US-India relationship to new highschool8.The IT Sector Of India. This sector has its following linkage with the growing US interests-intensify Growth. 50 percent since 1991.Soft run through Requirements. Today, nearly two in five of the fortune 500 companies outsource their IT requirements to India.IT Sector Collaboration. Especially, in areas like-Communication infrastructure.Optic fiber cable and gateways.Satellite-based communication wireless.IT- changed services and IT enable education.Data centers, server farms and software development?9.Future Prospects in Economic Investment. There are several(prenominal) areas where economic cooperation between India and the US can progress further. These include -Infrastructure.Telecom sector.Energy, knowledge based industries such as ph armaceuticals and biotechnology.Investor affable environment in sectors such as roads, ports and airports.Private sector participation in management, Build operate and Transfer (BOT) projects, green-field airports, terminals, shipping berths and capacity augmentation have been initiated.Security Science Related Economic Interests. The US and India are building the foundation of a durable defence relationship to support their common strategic and security interests which include-Maritime Security Cooperation. The US and India are committed to a comprehensive cooperative effort to ascertain a secure maritime domain.Counterterrorism. The US and India are jointly expanding the celestial orbit of counterterrorism cooperation, including work on bioterrorism and cyber security.Military Logistics Support. The US and India will soon sign an agreement to facilitate mutual logistic support during feature training, exercises, and disaster residual operations.Defence Trade. The US reaffirm ed its goal to help decent Indias defence deficiencys and to provide the important technologies and capabilities that India seeks.Non-Proliferation. Both countries support efforts to pin down the spread of enrichment and reprocessing technologies.Intellectual Property Rights (IPR). The US is funding IPR training programs to strengthen enforcement and patent examination, as a vibrant IPR regime is critical to the publicity of a creative, technologically advanced economy.Science. The US and India established and co-fund the $30 million Bi-National Science and Technology Commission to generate collaborative partnerships in cognizance and technology.Space. The US and India have agreed to continue exploring further cooperation in civil space, including areas such as space exploration, satellite navigation, and earth science?10.US Presidents George W. Bush Visit To IndiaWe have an ambitious agenda with India. Our agenda is practical. It builds on a relationship that has never been bet ter. India is a global leader, as hale as a good friend. My trip will remind everybody about the strengthening of an important strategic partnership. Well work together in practical ways to promote a hopeful future for citizens in both our nations?11.President George W. Bush, February 22, 2006The Evolution of U.S.-Indian Ties Missile Defense in an uphill Strategic Relationship,12Maldives and Bhutan21. Maldives is an Islamic Island nation where US have a close eye on its location being on the mouth of the Indian Ocean. East of Nepal between India and China is a small country Bhutan. US interest being to democratize the state. US is also involved in settling the problems of refugees between the two states i.e Nepal and Bhutan. Over all the US affair remains more of humanitarian assistance13.Nepal22. Back Gr. US enjoys hard relationship with Nepal for over 50 years. During this period, Nepal has evolved from a closed, monarchy-dominated society into an emerging democracy with growi ng economic opportunity. US has contributed $1 billion to improve the lives of the Nepalese people. Nepal also happens to have a key place in the look of the western United States with the likely interests emerging as under-Peace and stability in South Asia.Nepals independence and territorial integrity.US also has large strategic interest in the country be energise of her location.Washington supports economic and technical assistance to Nepal?.23. US Investment Areas in Nepal. Mainly being- supporter programs for democracy, governance and conflict mitigation.US assistance to strengthen the Election Commission, Peace Secretariat, National Human Rights Commission and corruption ombudsman.Broaden participation in political parties and make them internally more democratic.Technical assistance and equipment to the fan tan / aid to a constitutional reform process.Assisting reintegration of internally displaced persons and funding cream monitors.Promote economic recovery especially i n rural areas.PakistanPakistan and India Concerns US. Indeed the most common concern for an investment friendly climate stems out of the security concerns of the region as stated-US ex Secretary Powell calls a triangle of conflict resolution. He says We do not seek to impose ourselves as a mediator. Instead, we try to use the trust we have established with both sides to urge them toward reconciliation by peaceful means the leaders of both countries deserve enormous denotation for the statesmanship they are demonstrating and for their determination to turn their historic confrontation into opportunities for all of their people. Although the road ahead is certainly challenging, we are optimistic that both sides ask to keep up the momentum generated by their recent more open interaction and sound climate for over all peace in the region14.The Latest Perception Of US. Recent visit of US President defines US interests as under-Five years ago, Pakistan was one of only three nations that recognized the Taliban regime in Afghanistan. That all changed after family line the 11th, 2001. President Parvez Musharraf understood that he had to make a fundamental choice for his people. He could turn a blind eye and leave his people hostage to terrorists, or he could join the free world in fighting the terrorists. President Musharraf made the right choice, and the United States of America is glad for his leadership. Pakistan now has the opportunity to write a new chapter in its history, and the United States want to build a broad and lasting strategic partnership with the people of Pakistan15.President George W. Bush, February 22, 2006Pakistan US Collaboration. The areas of collaboration are-War On TerrorFight Terrorism. The US and Pakistan have cooperated closely in the common fight against terrorism, including along the Afghanistan-Pakistan border.Al Qaeda Hunt. Pakistan has captured more than 700 al-Qaeda operatives, facilitators and associates since family 11, 2001.Pak istans Military Role. Playing an important role by providing intelligence and support to Coalition forces operating along Afghanistan.Security /Military Hard WareLargest Security Assistance. Pakistan is one of the largest recipients of US security assistance.Foreign Investment. The United States has pledged $1.5 billion of Foreign Military financing to Pakistan from 2005-2009.Sale Of Advanced Systems. The United States supports Pakistans defence needs through sales of advanced systems.Sale Of F-16 Air Craft. Move forward with the possible sale of F-16 fighter aircraft to Pakistan.Non Nato Ally. In June 2004, President Bush designated Pakistan as a Major Non-NATO Ally, making Pakistan one of a select group of nations outside of NATO that have the benefit of a alteration of military and financial advantages.Trade And InvestmentUS Encourages Economic Prosperity. By supporting increased trade and investment linkages with the US, the region and the global economy.zygomorphous Investmen t Treaty. Has sent a strong signal about Pakistans up investment climate.Institute Reconstruction Opportunity Zones (IROZs). That would assist desperately poor border regions of Pakistan and Afghanistan to grow and diversify economically.Private Sector Involvement. Enhancing our capacity-building assistance to strengthen private sector competitiveness .EducationEducational Assistance. US has provided more than $130 million to strengthen education programs for young people and adults over the last four years.Bilateral Educational Dialogue. US and Pakistan will establish a bilateral education dialogue to enhance US-Pakistan educational cooperation?16. do work Of Regional Countries On Pakistan US Ties. Pakistans ties to other nations in the region are steadily growing with likely US investment, with rail, bus, and energy pipeline connections to several nations. Same will act as an antidote towards extremism?17.Chinas Influence. If China gets stronger than it already is, it will be a pr oblem for the US,? tell Bordonaro, adding that the Chinese could use Gwadar, the port city in the Pakistani duty of Baluchistan which is being developed with Chinas help, to counter Indias efforts to dominate the Indian Ocean and the Arabian Sea?18.US commitment since 2003. At the June 2003 meeting at Camp David, President Bush made a commitment to develop with Pakistan with a long-term, broad-based partnership worth 3 billion dollar .The areas of interest include-Shared interests in promoting prosperity, peace, security, mutual understanding and tolerance in the region / across the globe.Strengthen cooperation on counter-terrorism and security including striking at the conditions that give rise to extremism and terrorism.Address poverty and hopelessness root cause for terrorismCooperation aimed at fostering expanded commerce within the region including with Afghanistan and Central Asia.Booming Market. Most of the American companies in Pakistan currently have plans to expand their operations in the near futurea stentorian market of 160 million people and also as a potential hub for regional trade and transportation? .Sri Lanka29. Present Environment. Since 2009, May 19 Sri Lanka has rid off from the war, which was waging for 3 decades with Sri Lankan armed forces and Tamil nonage. The present President has been elected for the second term of 6 years. Countrys development and re-settlement of internally displaced people is the key issues and challenges the government facing. At present the world looking at Sri Lanka with lots of allegations on humanitarian grounds and intrusion of humanitarian law. Some pointing the finger at the government while others are pointing it to the armed forces of the country. Rajapaksa must give aid organizations access to hundreds of thousands of uprooted Tamils in the islands northeast. Overwhelmed doctors in overcrowded camps are amputating limbs without sufficient drugs and medical supplies. The people in those camps despera tely need medical care, food, and water. And they should be allowed to return to their homes as soon as possible.30. Ultimately, the only way for Sri Lanka to avoid another Tamil rebellion is to grant the Tamils some form of local autonomy in their region. Now that the Tigers have been crushed, the Sinhalese majority of Sri Lanka has no excuse for not addressing the legitimate grievances of the Tamil minority?19.a. Internal Problems And Tsunami Relief. Sri Lanka with a broader range of governments to focus on the Tigers financing and arms procurement. US Government is providing assistance totaling $134.6 million for tsunami-related relief and reconstruction in Sri Lanka.Methodology31. The study will be carried out in reviewing the data sources which are available in the internet and the a couple of(prenominal)er resources available in the libraries.Chapter threeLiterature Review32. Since this topic is very hypothetical, its data and material review is mainly based on internet. Th e germ, in the course of research, has made an endeavour to find relevant data through various sources including books, periodicals, lectures by professors of Different Universities of Management and Sciences. The detailed guideline provided through sponsors Directing Staff of the Defence Services Command and Staff College. The author is extremely grateful for all those who spared their valuable time to contribute on this work. As mentioned earlier the new found aid is of immense help in formulating the paper i.e The Internet?.Chapter fourIMPLICATIONS OF US INTERESTS IN THE sectionFollowing areas of interest emerge quite pronounced-Diversify Energy Supplies. Persian Gulf oil resources have remained a major source of energy supplies. US consider it of vital interest to secure access to the Central Asian regions energy corridors in order to reduce dependence on Persian Gulf20.Oil/ turgidness Reserves in Caspian Basin. The Caspian Basin has an estimated US$5 trillion of oil and gas r esources. Transporting it through Russia or Azerbaijan would greatly enhance Russias political and economic control over the central Asian republics, which is precisely what the west has washed-out 10 years trying to prevent. Piping it through Iran would enrich a regime, which the US has been seeking to isolate. Thus, Afghanistans significance stems from its geographic position as a potential transit route, from Central Asia, through Pakistan (Gwadar port), into the Indian Ocean and further to the Arabian Sea21.Penetrate Worlds Most mercenary Markets. Pipelines through Afghanistan would allow the US both to pursue its aim of diversifying energy supply and to penetrate the worlds most lucrative markets. In south Asia, by contrast, demand is booming with immense population graph and competitors are scarce. Therefore, pumping oil south and selling it in Pakistan and India, is far more profitable than pumping it west and selling it in Europe22.Domination over the Transit Routes/ all-i mportant(a) Sea-Lanes. With the increased importance of Central Asian oil reserves, moving through the Indian Ocean, importance of securing the SLOCs in the Indian Ocean have increased manifold. US intend to maintain a strong security presence in the South Asian region in cooperation with India as big role is expected by her in the region23.India A Strategic Partner. As the second most powerful military nation in Asia, US perceive India as an ideal strategic partner. During official visit to Washington, Prime Minister Vajpayee described India and the US as natural allies and significantly stressed that an Indo-US partnership was important for Asia both economically and militarily?24.China A Competitor, Not A Strategic Partner?. President Bush has described China as a competitor, not a strategic partner?. Therefore, his administration is sympathetic to Indias ambition to play a big power role in Asia. He also said that we must deal with China without ill-will but without illusions 25.Regional cause Through US Collaboration. Recent developments suggest that India is actually inviting the superpower to its doorstep. India is among the few countries to endorse unconditionally the controversial US national missile defence (NMD) program26.Indian Ocean or Indias Ocean. Sixty-seven percent of Chinas trade with the European Union is carried by sea across the Malacc

Novel Clockwise Task Migration in Many-Core Chip

Novel dextral Task Migration in Many- total ChipA Novel Clockwise Task Migration in Many-Core Chip MultiprocessorsAbstract-The indus movement prune for Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) moves from multi- sum of m stary to more- karyon to obtain naughty work out accomplishment, flexibility, and scalability systems. Moreover, the transistors size is constantly shrinking, and to a greater extent and more transistors ar interconnected in a single interrupt that allows to design more reigning and complicated systems. However, obtaining higher(prenominal) computing surgery needs to attach the consuming of force play exp wind uping which results in change magnitude the on- trash impetuousspots and the overall chip off temperature. The peak temperature causes surgical procedure abasement, reducing reliability, decreasing the chip feel spam, and eventually, damaging the system. Therefore, Run meter Thermal Management (RTM) for CMPs has become authoritative to lessen temperatu re without any surgical operation degradation. In this paper, a new dextrorotatory lying-in migration proficiency is proposed on numerous an(prenominal)- nerve center CMPs. The proposed technique migrates the labored soused line of works which be fit(p) in a of import hearts away from the aboriginal contents to the skirt joins. The proposed technique performs a right-handed task migrations to distribute the variations spicyspots that be placed in the rally sum total of the chip. Moreover, the proposed migration algorithmic rule gathers centers temperature by apply deed-counters and proposed equations which visualizes rough-and-ready results so cardinalr of use thermic sensors. Simulation results indicate up to 15% decline in the maximum temperature value of the whole many- warmheartedness CMPs. The efficiency of the proposed technique is shown by temperature values of many- eye CMPs that atomic number 18 below the maximum temperature limit.Keyword s- chip multiprocessors many-core task migration performance counter run measure thermal management.The chip multiprocessors (CMPs) is continued to increase the number of transistors to organization the increased demand of the maintaining reliability and high computing performance. In the corresponding time, transistors size atomic number 18 constantly shrinking, and more and more transistors are co-ordinated in a single chip that allows to design more advocateful and complicated CMPs computer computer architectures 1. These advantages lead to increase cores number on the CMPs, therefore CMPs are shifting from multicore to many-core era where tens or hundreds of cores are integrated on a single chip connected via ne cardinalrk-on-chip (NoC) 4-5. In fact, many-core CMPs fork up higher computing performance because of executing heavy charge uped tasks which consume more antecedent outlay. However, heavy loaded tasks lead to increase the overall chip temperature and on-chip hotspots. Hotspots are the main driving obstacle for wide adoption of many core CMPs architectures which lead to performance degradation, less block off reliability, increased cooling costs, shorter chip life span, and eventually the system frailer. Therefore, to achieve better computing performance with higher scalability and maintaining reliability, efficient Runtime Thermal Management (RTM) techniques become very imperative 3,6-8.In fact, RTM non only aims to ease and distribute the temperature of the chip but also enables many-core CMPs to operate at a favorable performance duration on the job(p) below a temperature threshold 1-2. Therefore, in order to maintain efficient performance on the many core CMPs, authors propose a clockwise task migration technique that is served as an alternative to control the many core CMPs cores temperature. The proposed migration technique migrates the heavy loaded tasks which are placed in the interchange cores away from the central vocal isation to the contact element on the core layer. In other word, the proposed method performs the clockwise task migrations to distribute the variations hotspots that are placed in the central cores of the chip. The proposed method aims to maximize the throughput on many core CMPs while satisfying the peak temperature constraint 5-6,9.With the development of many-core CMPs, using high overhead expensive thermal sensors to measure cores temperature becomes not efficient nor improper to encounter thermal challenges 3,12. Therefore, in this work, a new technique name been provided to measure cores temperature instead of using thermal sensors. The proposed migration algorithm obtains the core temperature by using performance-counters which are placed in individually core. In this context, cores with high temperature are distributed on the chip without any performance degradation 1-3,11-13. In this paper, they are some contributions are achieved as followingIt develops a novel runti me task migration technique in many-core systems to balance hotspots.Instead of using high overheads expensive sensors to majeure cores temperature, the proposed task migration technique is using performance-counters.Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can signicantly outperform the conventional approach.The rest of the paper is organized as follows. First of all in trip II, a synopsis of related works is given. The proposed technique is introduced in Section III. In Section IV, experimental evaluation is presented. Finally, the conclusion is given in Section V. succession the industry slips of CMPs is to increase transistors numbers redundant exponentially as Ohms low, its ease to achieve more powerful and better computing performance by executing heavy loaded tasks 1-3. However, heavy loaded tasks lead to increase on-chip thermal hotspots and the overall CMPs peak temperature. Thus, in case of having hundreds of processors are integrated on a single chip as many-core CMPs, off-line methods are not efficient. Therefore, RTM becomes crucial to balance on-chip thermal hot-spots and the overall CMPs peak temperature 1-3,8-10. To this end, many theoretical works have been carried out to dissipation and elimination thermal hot-spots by different techniques. For instance, Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling (DVFS) technique in 7 aims to control the temperature by dynamically adjusting the processor speed base on the workload. However, DVFS techniques dynamically adjusting the processor speed based on the workload which sacrice the performance to cool down the chip temperature. Another technique called task migration technique which aims to manage the on-chip temperature by balancing the tasks loads among CMPs tiles without lag down the processing. In 1-3,8,10-11 the proposed algorithms in some cases is unable to find a proper destination core due to the thermal constraints, therefore, authors have utilize DVFS which had proved to be ine fficient as far as performance is concerned. In 2, authors had implemented many thermal-aware algorithms to migrate tasks between processor cores to reduce thermal variation in 3D architecture with stacked drachm memory. However, the authors are used some techniques that proceed static task migration which in some cases can migrate a task from cold core to a hotspot core. Also, the authors proposed another techniques which are providing high overheads expensive thermal sensors to detect the on-chip hotspot. Moreover, in 2-3, authors proposed other techniques which always assigns the new job to the coolest core for balancing the thermal hotspots across the chip, however it increases hotspots in the system rapidly. Therefore, in case of having hundreds of processors are integrated on a single chip as many-core CMPs, off-line methods are not efficient to distribute and balance the thermal hotspots. In this work, a novel runtime task migration technique is proposed which offers an mil itary issueive solution to face thermal challenges in many-core CMPs. Furthermore, instead of using high overhead expensive sensors to measure cores temperature, the proposed migration technique is using performance-counters to measure many-core CMPs tiles temperature.Fig. 1 Many-core CMPs with 64 cores and the TCU connection with a tile on many core CMPs.Fig. 2 A tile components in 64 cores many-core CMPs.Nowadays, the CMPs industry trend moves from multi-core to many-core architectures to achieve better computing performance, and more maintaining reliability. Therefore, many-core CMPs architectures provide heavy loaded tasks to allow the system operating at high computing performance. However, heavy tasks lead to increase peak temperature of chip and on-chip hotspots. Thus, RTM is crucial to achieve equilibrise systems temperature threshold with efficient task execution performance.As shown in common fig 1, a many-core CMPs with 64 tiles is presented. Each tile includes a core, a underground L1 cache bank, and a shared cache L2 bank as shown in presage 2. The proposed technique in this work aims to balance thermal distribution to combat thermal issues and temperature related reliability. The proposed technique provides task migration between cores while it is done at runtime and repeated periodically at a predefined time interval. Each time interval in this work is 100ms. Each core considers instruction per cycle (IPC) for calculating power outgo at the end of separately interval. IPC is a critical factor in power aspiration calculation. It is no bow that, cores with higher power wasting disease lead to execute tasks with higher performance which create higher temperature in compared with the cores with lower power consumption 8. The power consumption for separately core is calculated based on equating 1.Where P is the core power consumption, IPC is the instruction per cycle which is the core activity, f is the core frequency, CL is the average cap acitance, and VDD is supply voltage. Since the frequency of for each one core in the many-core CMPs is constant and the DVFS technique is expensive and inappropriate because of performance degradation, dynamically change in the frequency of each core is not presume in the system. As can be seen in Equation 1, the IPC has a key role for calculating and predicting the power consumption of each core in system. For calculating IPC, performance counters are used which are very applicable in the modern processors. Each core has a performance counter for IPC counting. At the end of each time interval, IPC is achieved by the performance counter for each core and then power consumption is calculated based on Equation 1. According to the calculated power consumption, a find out up display panel in the Thermal comprise Unit (TCU) will be filled. An example of look up table is illustrated in externalize 3. In the target many core system, the TCU is assumed to be placed near to all of the cores as shown in intention 1. found on the filled table in the TCU, we divide the many core floor plan into two parts, the central part with one domain, and the adjoin part with four regions as shown in Figure 4. Based on the thermal distribution of central part and ring part, we try to balance the temperature in the system. As before mentioned, the look up table is illustrated in Figure 3, based on each core activity, hot and cold cores are determined based on the related thresholds shown in Figure 5 ,where th1=5, th2=10, th3=15, and th4=20.Fig. 3 A sample of a look up table in the PCU used at the end of each time interval.Fig. 4 The central part and the surrounding part of 64 tile of many core CMPs.Based on the plan of hot and cold cores, the proposed technique sorts the cores both in the central part and surrounding part from the hottest to coldest cores. Then the proposed technique exchanges the hottest core in the central part with the coldest core in the surrounding part . Based on this trend, the heavy load tasks are migrated to the edges of the chip and light load tasks are migrated to the central part. It is historied that the edges of the chip is a better choice for placement of the hot cores in compared with the central part because neighbor cores have a big effect on each temperature. Since the number of cores in the surrounding part is trio times of the central part, the hot cores in the central part have more options for migration with a cold core. At the end of each time interval, each core sends IPC information (cores activity) which calculated based on performance counter to the TCU. Then, the TCU based on cores activities from the look up table calculates two sets of activities which are in central part and surrounding part. Therefore, the TCU sorts the activities related to central part and surrounding part from the hottest to the coldest cores, separately. In this part, as shown in Figure 1, TCU exchanges the hottest core in the cent ral part with the coldest core in surrounding part region by region as will be explained in the next subsection. It is notable that the TCU can migrate the hot cores in the central part with the cold cores in the surrounding part in the clockwise manner.Fig.5 The used thresholds for determining the ranges of temperature of the cores.Fig. 6 The proposed clockwise task migration algorithm.A. Clockwise Migration AlgorithmFor avoiding the gathering of all of the hot cores in a one region of surrounding part instead of divide it the whole surrounding part regions, a novel clockwise algorithm is proposed. This clockwise migration algorithm divides the surrounding part into four regions as shown in Figure 4. after sorting the cores from high temperature to low temperature both in of central part and surrounding part by the TCU, the proposed clockwise algorithm exchanges the hottest core in the central part with a coldest core in the surrounding part region one. After that, the proposed clo ckwise algorithm exchanges the hottest core in the central part with a coldest core in the surrounding part region two etc. The system repeats this procedure periodically at the end of each time interval to migrate the hot cores in the central part with the cold cores on four regions in surrounding part. The epitome of Phase 1 and Phase 2 of the proposed clockwise task migration technique is shown in Figures 6.As shows in Figure 1, a 64 tiles many-core CMPs architecture with multithreaded workloads is used to proceed the proposed clockwise task migration technique.a) Platform SetupIn order to validate the efficiency the many-core CMPs architecture in this paper, authors use the traffic traces extracted from GEM5 15 full-system simulator to setup the basic system platform. The area of cores and cache banks are estimated by CACTI 21 and McPAT 20. We use multithread applications from secpar benchmarks 14 in our experimental evaluation. The detailed system physique are given in hold over 1. For this benchmarks, one billion operating instructions are executed for the simlarge input set starting from the Region of gratify (ROI). HotSpot 17 version 5.0 is employed as a grid-based thermal modelling tool for chip temperature estimation. For experimental evaluation, maximum temperature limit and dark atomic number 14 peak power budget, Tmax and Pbudget is assumed to be 80 and 100 W, respectively.Table 1. Specification of the target CMP architecture.ComponentDescriptionNumber of Cores64, 8-8 meshCore ConfigurationAlpha21164, 3GHz, 65nmPrivate Cache per each CoreSRAM, 4 way, 32 line, size 32KB per coreOn-chip MemoryBaseline Static random roleProposed Proposed migration techniqueb) Experimental ResultsIn this sub-section, we evaluate a many core CMPs in two different cases. First, the many core CMPs without any migration indemnity (Baseline), and the many core CMPs with the proposed clockwise migration policy (Proposed).Figure 7 shows the results of normalized throu ghput for parsec and SPEC workloads, where throughput is the number of executed instructions per second (IPS). As shown in Figure 7, the Proposed architecture yields on average 31% throughput improvement compared with the Baseline. Moreover, Figure 8 illustrates the results of normalized energy consumption for PARSEC and SPEC workloads. As shown in Figure 8, the Proposed architecture yields on average 69% energy consumption improvement compared with the Baseline. In addition, Figure 9 (a) and (b) show the results of temperature distribution for canneal from PARSEC workloads for Baseline and Proposed architecture, respectively.Also, as shown in figure 9 (a), after applying the proposed clockwise task migration technique (Proposed), it ensures that all cores on the many core CMPs are below the maximum temperature of 80 . While the Baseline spends up to 19% of time above the maximum temperature which presences hotspots as shown in figure 9 (b). In other words, by applying the proposed clockwise task migration technique on the proposed many core CMPs architecture, it distributes the temperature and without appearance of hotspots.Fig.7. Comparison results of IPC.Fig.8. Comparison results of energy consumption.The many-core CMPs provide higher system performance, more flexibility and scalability. Since these advantages require increased power consumption in the system, peak temperature issues become disquieting. Thus, Runtime Thermal Management (RTM) of many-core CMPs becomes crucial in minimizing thermal hotspots without any performance degradation. In this paper, the proposed clockwise task migration technique migrates the heavy loaded task from central cores part to the surrounding cores part. Thy system gathers cores temperature by using performance-counters that are placed in each core instead of use thermal sensors. Since cores with higher power consumption lead to execute higher tasks performance, therefore creates higher temperature. Experimental results of the 64 tiles many-core CMPs have shown signicant improvement of the average for normalized IPC throughput and energy consumption. While the many-core CMPs architecture yields on average 31% throughput improvement compared without preceding the using technique. Moreover, the Proposed architecture yields on average 69% energy consumption improvement compared without using the proposed technique. Furthermore, results also have clarified that up to 15% signicant decline of temperature threshold, and all tiles are below the maximum temperature limit which is 80 on the 64 tiles many-core CMPs(a)(b)Fig.9. Comparison results of temperature.

Choice of Lifestyle in Kate Chopin’s The Awakening Essay -- Chopin Awa

Choice of Lifestyle in Kate Chopins The alterOne of many poignant themes in Kate Chopins The Awakening is Edna Pontelliers fundamental choice of lifestyle -- the choice of dedication to the aesthete, the seclusion of art (as represented by Mademoiselle Reisz), or devotion to the all-consuming delegate of becoming a domestic goddess (as Madame Ratignolle has done). Considered mutually exclusive not whole by Chopin but by American society as a whole, the role of the housewife leaves little room for the serious pursuit of art. As evidenced in Helen Watterson Moodys contextual document The mechanic and Marriage, The woman must decided, then, whether to pursue her chosen art or to get married will make her happier. The plethora of demands of the successful artistic lifestyle, which includes near unassailable concentration on ones craft, the time and space to truly create, and the solitude needed to express ones essential egotism simply was not compatible with nineteenth century i deals of domesticity. Edna Pontellier, unwilling to try to the relative asceticism of art and equally incapab...

Sir Karl Poppers Falsifiability Claim Essay -- Sir Karl Popper Scienc

Sir Karl Poppers Falsifiability take aimPopper asserts that it is easy to obtain plunk forations, or verifications, for nearly every theory--if we look for confirmations. Kuhn illustrates (page 6), in his discussion of cosmologies, that man ask a structure for his universe. Man needs to explain the physical relation between his personal habitat and record in order to feel at home. Explaining this relation gives meaning to his actions. Moreover, Kuhn says observance is a double edged sword (page 7). This sword can confirm or conflict with cosmology which can destroy the theory. Kuhn discusses the astronomer (page 7), who because of his take in world view (via his specialty) will not verify Miltons image of the milklike Way as being broad and ample or Shakespeares flock of stars as night candles. Those descriptions dont tell the astronomer how far away the opaque Way, the Sun or Jupiter happen to be. Observations (page 26) are only clues to a mystery. The outline created by the observer can affect the results. Therefore, observations like those discussed in the preceding sections could be collected and put in systematic form by men whose beliefs about the structure of the universe resembled those of the ancient Egyptians (page 26). Kuhn discusses the functions of a abstract scheme (page 36). He indicates that a theory deriving from observations can alike transcend them. Kuhn says that since the two sphere universe is based on the man imagination of the obser...

Comparing Ruth Prawer Jhabvalas Heat and Dust and Forsters A Passage

Comparing Ruth Prawer Jhabvalas fire up and Dust and Forsters A passageway to IndiaLiterature throughout time has contained many connaturalities. These similarities become even much prevalent when authors sh ar a similar style and inspirations. Two authors that get down similar ascertains atomic number 18 Ruth Prawer Jhabvala and E.M. Forster. two these authors ready written books that are in the modernism style. Jhabvala and Forster withal were fascinated by India and choose the relationships surrounded by native Indians and English colonizers as one of their themes. These similarities helped produce books that have similar char work oners. The women, non native to India, in both(prenominal) Jhabvala Heat andDust and Forsters A Passage to India, consider many of the same attributes. The most obvious similarities are those shared by Jhabvalas character Olivia and Forsters character Adela. Throughout the books, these two characters share many characteristics and experien ces. The first experience they shared while in India is that both women are social with the native Indians. This was unacceptable to all Anglo-Indians. Olivia frequently visited the nawab at his palace. She in like manner entertained him and his companion, Harry at her home. For the majority of the book, Olivias husband, Douglas is unmindful(predicate) of how frequently she visited the Nawab. If Douglas had been fully aware of Olivias actions, he would have been enraged. Proper Englishwomen were not to associate with natives while unchaperoned. Adela, Forsters character, had a similar experience. She desired to see the real India. To lease her to do this, a native offered to take her to the Marabar Caves, a local landmark. Again, Englishwomen were not to associate with the natives. Her potential fianc and host, allowed her to go under the condition that his mother and an Englishman were also included in the group. Socializing with Indians is only one common experience Olivia and Adela had. Another similar experience occurs near the end of both books. Both Olivia and Adela had relationships irreparably changed through the influence of India. If neither women was in India, their relationships probably would have remained intact. Olivias marriage to Douglas was ruined because of her relationship with the Nawab. Olivia became very close with the Nawab. She eventually came to bind his child. Because Olivia did not believe the child ... ... this advice happened at the Bridge Party. Again, they told Adela that she was superior to the natives and should act accordingly. condescension all their attempts Adela did not adopt their opinions about the natives. She attempted to line her own. The Anglo-Indian women in both novels attempted to supply advice to the younger women.De hostility being written by different authors, the female characters in Jhabvalas Heat and Dust and Forsters A Passage to India are very similar. In spite of the similarities among characters the novels themselves are different. Not only do the novels have different themes, they were also written through different points of go out. While A Passage to India is principally written through the view of a narrator, the point of view in Heat and Dust changes from the narrator to a third person view developed through Olivias letters. These are a few of the many differences amid the novels that occurregardless of the fact that the novels have similar characters. Works CitedForster, E.M. (1992). A Passage to India. New York Everymans Library, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.Jhabvala, Ruth Prawer. (1975). Heat and Dust. New York Harper & Row, Publishers.

Macbeth is Not Well-intentioned Essay example -- William Shakespeares

Macbeth is Not Well-intentionedMacbeth is a well-intentioned causa whose downfall is caused furbish uply by the venomous advice and solve of other characters. To what issue do you consider this statement to be true? In William Shakespeares, Macbeth, Macbeth is a character whose downfall is caused by a number of factors. Despite Macbeth existence portrayed as a brave, masculine soldier, he is easily persuaded by his wife, Lady Macbeth and the witches who deliver prophecies to Macbeth. Macbeth, while being a victim of this influence, eternally secretes his inner ill-intentions and makes tragic and important decisions that result in his subsequent downfall. Macbeth is non well-intentioned and his downfall is not caused solely by the influence and offensive advice of other characters. Thus, we can say that the opeing statement is not true. Throughout the text, indicate that Macbeth is well-intentioned is far outweighed by contrasting evidence that Macbeth is ill-inten tioned. Perhaps the sole example of Macbeth being well-intentioned is when he states, I chance will have me King, why, chance may crown me, without my stir. From perhaps only a brief moment in the text, Macbeth is displaying some good intent by stating that he hopes that without him having to force the prophecies to come true they will indeed eventuate. In blatant contrast however are clear examples of Macbeths ill-intentions motivated by his fatal flaw, vaulting ambition. Macbeth surely reveals his true intent when he states, Stars hide your fires Let not light see my black and deep desires and move on convinces that he is ill-intentioned. Another definite example of Macbeths inner struggle to batch with his ill-intentions that he must ... ...hether or not they were influenced by other characters, were his decisions and the direction he perceived and interpreted the prophecies was his error. Thus, Macbeths downfall was not solely the evil advice and influence of ot her characters but the impact of his decisions and his perceptions of the witches prophecies. Macbeth is a tragic reckon whose downfall is caused by a combination of his ill-intentions, the influence of other characters and his consequential decisions and interpretations. Therefore, one cannot say that Macbeths downfall was caused solely by the evil advice and influence of other characters and that this reason for his downfall is only a small composition of his eventual downfall. Thus, the statement, Macbeth is a well-intentioned character whose downfall is caused solely by the evil advice and influence of other characters is not true.

A Comparison of the Chemical Structures and Production Methods of Silk

A Comparison of the Chemical Structures and end product Methods of Silk and Artificial SilkAbstractDespite their seemingly similar exteriors, the chemical structures and exertion methodsof natural silk and the artificial silks rayon and nylon are quite different. Silk yarn, extractedfrom the cocoon of the Bombyx mori moth, is make up of fibroin molecules with beta-pleatedsheet secondary structures. The fibroin molecules consist of crystalline fibers constructed ofregularly paralleled, unfolded polypeptide shackles of polyglycylalanine mixed with an amorphouspart. Although viscose rayon was originally called artificial silk, it is not a truly syntheticfiber, as it is made from wood pulp, a naturally-occurring, cellulose-based material. Nylon,however, is a synthetic fiber. It is a polyamide whose molecular chains are organize by regularlyspaced CONH amide groups. Nylon 6-6, or poly(hexamethylneadipamide), is composed oftwo geomorphologic monomers (hexamethylendiamine (H2N(CH2)6NH2) and adipic acid(HOOC(CH2)4COOH), whereas Nylon 6, or poly(6-caprolactam), is composed of a singlestructural unit of measurement (either 6-aminocaproic acid (H2N(CH2)4COOH) or caprolactam). Ultimately, thedifferent chemistries and production methods of these fibers give them certain advantages (suchas viscoses ability to combine with other fibers to create naked as a jaybird fabrics easily) and disadvantages(such as nylons quickly weakening fibers or natural silks difficulty of production) over angiotensin-converting enzymeanother that make them more or less suitable for certain purposes. For this reason, whenconsidering silk and artificial silk, it is illogical to pick one fiber that is superior to the others andto focus on the production of that specific fiber.A Compa... ...io State University Extension FactSheet Textiles and Clothing. Retrieved July 25, 2008, from http//ohioline.osu.edu/hygfact/5000/5538.htmlSwicofil AG Textile Services. (n.d.). viscose rayon Rayon. Swicofil . Retrieved July 25, 2008, fromhttp//www.swicofil.com/viscose.htmlcTrossarelli, L. (2003). The History of Nylon. Commissione Centrale Materiali e Tecniche.Retrieved July 25, 2008, fromhttp//www.caimateriali.org/Eventi/Torino/historynylon.htmlThe Viscose Company. (1937). The Story of Rayon (3rd ed.). New York Sales office staff 200Madison Avenue The Viscose Company.Wikipedia. (July 24, 2008). Silk. Retrieved July 28, 2008, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SilkWikipedia. (July 28, 2008) Viscose. Retrieved July 26, 2008, fromhttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ViscoseWoodhouse, T. F. (1929). Artificial Silk or Rayon (2nd ed.). Sir Isaac Pitman & Sons, Ltd.

Transcendentalism in the Poems of Whitman Essay -- Biography Biographi

Transcendentalism in the Poems of Whitman From looking at the titles of Walt Whitmans wide collection of poetry in Leaves of Grass one would be equal to(p) to surmise that the great American poet wrote about many battlegrounds -- expressing his ideas and thoughts about everything from faith to Abraham Lincoln. Quite the opposite is true, Walt Whitman wrote only about a single subject which was so powerful in the mind of the poet that it consumed him to the point that whatever he wrote echoed of that subject. The beliefs and tenets of transcendentalism were the subjects that caused Whitman to write and carried through not only in the style and imagery of his poems, but also in the revolutionary way that he chose to write his poetry. The basic assumptions and premises of transcendentalism can be seen in all of Whitmans poems, and are evident in two short poetic masterpieces A Noiseless diligent Spider and When I hear the Learnd Astronomer. In the belief of transcendentalism, the reliance on intuition, instead of rationalization, became the means for a wedlock between an individuals soul and the soul of the world or the cosmos. Called the Oversoul by Emerson, this corporate soul gathered the soul of a person upon a persons death. To make the Oversoul, one had to first understand oneself and then look toward nature as expressions and instructions for the living of ones life (Boller 1-3). Through all of Whitmans collections of poetry, essays, and letters, he quested to arrest the meaning of life and to understand the Oversoul, which the great poet referred to as the float. In A Noiseless Patient, Whitman presents a simple analogy that compares a lone bird of passage searching for a hold to his soul as... ...au, Roger. The Transcendentalist Constant in American Literature. New York New York UP, 1980. Boller, Paul. American Transcendentalism, 1830-1860 An Intellectual Inquiry. New York Putnam, 1974. Eckley, Wilton. Whitmans A Noiseless Patient Spider. The Explicator 22 (1963) 20. Emmanuel, Lenny. Whitmans Fusion of Science and Poetry. Walt Whitman Review 17 (1971) 73-81. Lindfors, Berndt. Whitmans When I hear the Learnd Astronomer. Walt Whitman Review 10 (1964) 19-21. Stedman, Edmund Clarence. An Important American Critic Views Whitman. Critical Essays on Walt Whitman. Ed. James Woodress. Boston G.K. Hall, 1983. 116-127. Whitman, Walt. The Noiseless Patient Spider. Leaves of Grass. New York Penguin, 1980. 347-348. Whitman, Walt. When I Heard the Learnd Astronomer. Leaves of Grass. New York Penguin, 1980. 226-227.