Critique an article about patient with bipolar disorder Research Paper

Critique an article about patient with bipolar disorder - Research Paper sampleOn one hand, there are those plurality who, although they have bipolar disorder, accomplish so a good deal in their lifetime and become historical landmarks. Conversely, bipolar disorder can interfere with the psychosocial functioning of reliable people, thus making it difficult for them to carry out normal daily functions. In their work, Functional end point in Bipolar Disorder The Big Picture impose & Manove (2012) seek to gain more sharpness into the functionality levels of people with bipolar disorder. This essay aims at critiquing the work by Levy & Manove and analyzing the validity of their arguments. In their work, Manove & Levy (2012) aim at explaining the causes of negative functional outcomes among people with bipolar disorder, in addition to proposing mechanisms for reducing this wishing in functionality. To this end, the authors succeed in explicating how people with bipolar disorder a re unable to function properly. The authors do this by looking at a number of issues affecting bipolar people. The causes and triggers of bipolar disorder are often a debated topic among experts in this area. Some suggest that the destine is inherent, while others suggest that the condition is acquired from life experiences. ... Nonetheless, the authors argue that people with bipolar disorder experience more emotional instabilities than normal people, in addition to poor premorbid functionality. The authors successfully inform the reader about the various difficulties faced by people with bipolar disorder. For example, as Levy & Manove (2012) write, studies have shown that bipolar disorder affects the functioning of the brain, through a mental process in which the high stress levels reduce the volume of the prefrontal lobe, and an increase in the lateral ventricles. Essentially, exhausting illness leads to cognitive dysfunction, which then worsens the functioning of people with b ipolar disorder. According to Levy & Manove (2012), studies show a positive correlation between cognitive deficiencies and the severity of illness among people with bipolar disorder. The authors suggest that changes in moods whitethorn affect verbal memory for bipolar people. If the mood changes are too frequent, then it may lead to psychological stress for the person with bipolar disorder, thus contributing towards the formation of neurotoxins which lead to the decadence of the neurological and cognitive functions in the body. It is often reported that people with bipolar disorder often lay out abnormally high levels of anxiety, as compared to normally functioning people. In this respect, Levy & Manove (2012) write that the more consummate(a) the illness, the higher the anxiety levels among bipolar people. Extremely high anxiety often leads to early onset of mania, addiction to substance abuse, and higher chances of suicide among bipolar peoples. The authors, therefore, argue t hat anxiety often leads to cognitive impairments among people with bipolar disorder. The argument advances

Tracing Genetic Ancestry in Humans Research Paper

Tracing Genetic Ancestry in Humans - Research Paper ExampleBefore the advent of molecular technology, ancestral lineage is found on the recollection of and stories passed by the oldest living family member to the younger family members. People born from the same undefiled also have some attachment, as it seems logical to think they could have come from the same ancestors because of the propinquity of their parents with one another. Now, DNA analysis becomes a way of objectively verifying those theories. By comparing the infrastructure sequences of samples against a sequence database from more than 75, 000 indigenous and traditional populations from all over the world, (Biological and Environmental Research info System, 2010), DNA sequence unique to people from a certain continent, country, town, village or family may be identified (Rotimi, 2003). These populations are each composed of people living within a particular character for several generations and maintaining the same cu lture (Biological and Environmental Research Information System, 2010). Anyone who would like to determine his or her mathematical group of origin sess thus look for these unique sequences in his or her own genome. An example of a population seeking to define their ancestral origin and the populations that have the same ancestors is African-Americans. Certainly, the parallelism in their experiences with thraldom and obvious similarities in appearance motivate the effort of linking African-Americans with modern-day Africans. The results of many DNA studies suggest that the common land female (140, 000 years old) and male (60, 000 years old) ancestors of modern sympathetics are from Africa. Migration becomeed 65, 000 years ago, when they populated gray Asia, China, Java and Europe (Biological and Environmental Research Information System, 2010). Such movement has caused a modern human population, such as African-American, to be genetically-diverse. For example, African-American s can have a European Y-chromosome because of the historical admixture of African farming employees to European plantation owners (www.rootsforreal.com). As well, in a study of scientists from the University of Pennsylvania and Cornell University analyzing the genetic take a crap of 365 African-Americans, 203 people from 12 West African populations, and 400 Europeans from 42 countries, it was found that African-Americans had as little as 1% and as much as 99% West African ancestry. The genetic sequences implicating West African origin was also found to be similar to those of Igbo and Yoruba from Nigeria and Bantu-speaking populations in Western Africa. In addition, their medial proportion of European ancestry is 18.5%. Specifically, mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) origin (mothers) were mostly African, while the Y chromosome (fathers) were African or European (http//www.physorg.com/news180632039.html, 2010). Which tools can be used to determine such ancestral connections? Let us start wi th the most superficial. If an individual would like to verify connections between him or her and an alleged relative, he or she can request for a DNA fingerprinting test. Using certain sequences at 16 chromosomes, the possibility of a blood relationship is calculated (www.rootsforreal.com). As mentioned earlier, matching mtDNA and/or Y-chromosome with the database of samples from different populations can be through to determine ancestral roots. These

Essay 4 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

4 - Essay Examplethe minority) have to sh atomic number 18 and parcel out to those without, and yields are also continuing to drop as the price of fuel needed to transport the crops to miscellaneous areas increases with reduced fossil fuel. According to the national geographic article by Bourne (2009), this reduction in the food culminated with the increasing population will in future lead to severe food deficit as the production and the distribution continues to dwindle by the day.2. What are the pros and cons of large scale monoculture farming? Be sure to include its impact things like soil, water, air, nutrient availability, ecosystem services, climate change, disease and pests, etc.Monoculture is the planting of just one type of crop on large tracts of land for industrial purposes (Despommier, 2009). There are some(prenominal) disadvantages associated with this type of agriculture. Since the crops are wanted to yield more as they are for large scale use, in that location is an increased use of pesticides, herbicides, fertilizers and other chemicals all of which end up harming the soil and even reducing the nutrients acquirable in the soil. Nutrients availability is also reduced as most of the crops in monoculture (which include tea, trees, soya and sugar cane among others) do not provide nutrients to the soil when compared to the diversity of crops planted by small scale farmers. water system is mostly contaminated by the chemicals making it not consumable.The advantage of this type of farming as explained by Despommier (2008) is the reduction in diseases and pests as a result of the constant pesticide and herbicides used. As most of the crops are trees, there is reduced wind and soil erosion as well as a reduction in the carbon dioxide which is an advantage to climate changes and reduces global warming. The air is also fresh and cold which is good for the ecosystem.3. What are some large scale and local scale solutions to providing food, minimizin g impacts on ecosystems, enhancing ecosystem services, and building

Nursing - patient with copd and vascular dementia scenario Essay

Nursing - patient with copd and vascular madness scenario - Essay ExampleChronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (COPD) COPD generally refers to a condition wherein the airways atomic number 18 destroyed, narrowing the airways and eventually obstructing the air flow, impairing gas exchange. This condition is a combination of chronic bronchitis, emphysema and asthma. It is an irreversible, incurable, reformist but a preventable condition (Black & Hawks, 2005 British Lung Foundation, 2007). It is estimated that 3.7 million people in the United demesne argon suffering form COPD, while only 900,000 are currently diagnosed, leaving the remaining 2.8 million unaware of their disease (British Lung Foundation, 2007), while 25 million in the United States (National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 2009). Among those who are great than or equal to 65 years old, the occurrence is estimated to be 34 out of 1000 (Torres & Moayedi, 2007). These determine tend to increase over time due to ch ange magnitude tobacco consumption worldwide. COPD ranks from fourth to ordinal as the leading cause of sickness and death worldwide (Mathers & Loncar, 2006 Viegi et al, 2007). According to Berry and Wise (2010), mortality rate can be predicted by the values of forced expiratory volume in one second, ratio of inspiratory and total lung capacities, and the BODE index (body mass index, obstruction, dyspnea and exercise capacity). Despite the severity of this condition, it is oftentimes under-diagnosed and under-treated (Viegi et al, 2007). Almost all cases of COPD developed symptoms, more than half manifests productive cough and half of the cases passed the Global chess opening for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease criteria for emphysema (Lundback et al, 2003). Age, gender, race, smoking history, blood type, alpha1-antitrypsin variation, socioeconomic status, occupation, pollution exposure and infections are the known risk factors for developing COPD (Cohen et al, 1977). Race is a lso a factor in developing COPD, wherein whites has an odds ratio of 3.1 in dying from this condition (Meyer et al, 2002) though African Americans appear to be more vulnerable to the effects of COPD than whites (Chatila et al, 2004). Among those risk factors, smoking is the most prominent cause of COPD. According to the World Health transcription (WHO), 40% to 74% who die from COPD are peckrs (Mannino & Buist, 2007). Meyer et al (2002) reveals more than 80% of deaths from those who experienced smoking beforehand and during COPD morbidity, while the odds ratio of those who currently smokes versus those who stopped smoking are 6.5 and 3.7 respectively. Aside from irritants from smoking, occupational-related vapours, gas, dust and exhaust fumes exposure is also a risk in developing COPD (Blanc et al, 2009). The numerous irritants, either from cigarette smoke or from environmental pollution, stimulate inflammatory response along the bronchi and the alveoli. The COPD-related effect s of this response are increased mucus production and the release of protease and elastase, enzymes that can damage the lungs connective tissues. Without adequate alpha1-antitrypsin to resist the effects of these enzymes, tissue destruction will be progressive. This destruction collapses the alveoli, allowing air pockets to form between the dental consonant spaces. The elasticity of the alveolar walls is also altered, making expiration more difficult. These air pockets increase the lung area that cannot relieve gas and blood exchange, thus this is where the manifestations of emphysema set in. As the gas

Consumption Function Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

role Function - Essay ExampleIn technical language, spending is a hunt down of (determined by) income. This relationship among use and income is termed as habit function or propensity to consume. Keynes (1936) believes this relationship to be a fairly stable function. At an empirical level, pulmonary tuberculosis function portrays a schedule of various amount of consumption expenditure corresponding to different levels of income.As drive out be seen in Table 1, when the consumers income is $0, the consumer spends $60 either from his/her past savings. When the consumers income is $100, the corresponding level of consumption is $150, which indicates that the consumers income is inadequate to meet the expenditure. It is only when the consumers income reaches $250 that the consumption equals income. Until this equilibrium point consumption exceeds income leading to negative saving, and beyond that point the consumers income exceeds expenditure resulting in positive savings.In an atomy 1, income is measured on the X axis vertebra and expenditure on the Y axis. The unity line C= Y, which is basically a 450 line, presents a scenario that consumption corresponds to income at all levels of income. The C curve is a non-linear consumption function based on the assertion that consumption increases by a decreasing amount. Its upward slope to the right indicates that consumption is an increasing function of Income. Types of consumption functionsDepending on the consumption pattern of a consumer, the actual functional form of the equation can be linear with a constant slope or curvilinear with a changing slope. 1. A linear consumption function beginning from the origin can be written as C = bY where C = Consumption expenditure, Y = Income and b represents the fraction of income which is spent on consumption, and it represents the slope of the consumption function.2. A linear consumption function beginning at an intercept can be written asC = a + bY, where C represen ts consumption expenditure, Y is income, a stands for the intercept and b symbolizes the slope. The intercept a measures the amount of consumption when income is zero. The protect of intercept a is positive, and it is conceptually referred to as autonomous consumption. The term autonomous consumption is used to explain the situation in which the consumers consumption is unrelated to the level of income (Begg et al 1997). As presented in Table 1 as well as Figure 1, when consumers income is zero, the consumption expenditure accounts for $60, which is described as autonomous consumption since it is not related to the level of consumers income.3. A nonlinear consumption function beginning from the origin can be written asC = bYn, where n is a positive constant

Palestinian VS. Israeli debate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Palestinian VS. Israeli get by - Research Paper ExampleIn that context the proposal extended by the Israeli grimace is a two edged sword in the sense that it not only seeks cooperation of the Palestinian side, notwithstanding also in a very sophisticated manner labels the genuine acts of armed fortress on the part of Palestinians as Palestinian acts of terrorism and violence. The very act on the part of the severalize of Israel to dub the just and right freedom exertion of the Palestinian stack as acts of terrorism is obnoxious and unacceptable. The contemporary wars are fought in media newsrooms. The best way to compromise the legitimacy of any freedom struggle is to brand it as being Islamist and Jihadist. Just throw the right words and soon the world allow distort acts of legitimate resistance into what will be looked as acts of terrorism and violence. Its the time that Palestinians deem to the fact that Israel certainly has a better PR infrastructure as compared to them. But, it is also time for the Israeli side to agree to the fact that just because they dub each and every act of Palestinian resistance as being jihadist or terrorist will in no way stop the Palestinian people from carrying on with their struggle for independence.

The Emperors Necropolis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The emperor moths burial ground - Assignment ExampleThere are spelly mysteries spoken of in relation to the tomb and prototypical Emperor. The overall scope and detailed complexity of the tomb have been called astonishing and astounding. Why did he habitus it? Did he really seal up living people inside the tomb to prevent its secrets from be revealed? How in a time so long ago was such a thing subject to be built? Truly, it is a magnificent accomplishment, but the Tomb of Shi Huang Di is less about mystery or mythology, but a product of armies of manpower over the course of decades.In order to understand the domain of the Mausoleum, we must understand the man who claimed the title of the First Emperor of China. Yin Zheng took the throne in 246 BC, at the real young age of 13, and managed to unite several warring kingdoms. With these successes, he took the name Shi Huang Di, or First Emperor. He was a force to be reckoned with, but not all of his contributions to China were mi litant in nature. The Emperor standardized a coin system, universalizing potential commerce in the different kingdoms. He also created a standard of weights and measures, commissioned roads, and waterways to connect the states and the first to conceive the Great Wall of China. He was a man of great and immense power, amassing more wealth and control than any previous ruler before him. not long after unifying the feuding kingdoms, he conceived and commissioned the tomb that would be so much more. Shi Huang Di was fixated on the afterlife and believed that he would continue on when his mortal life was over. This is entirely not unlike the political theory behind the Pharaohs of Egypt. The Emperor entirely planned for his rule, his kingdom, his actual court, would continue into the afterlife.

Fashion brand Feedback Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Fashion brand Feedback - Essay frameworkThe paper Fashion brand Feedback is the feedback on Fashion brand. Consistency - When consumers come back to a descent for repeat sales, they usually expect to receive the same level of quality as they did the first time. For this time, our alive client reported the collection is too Asian, and therefore, different from the collection they bought last season. Uniqueness- Although the collection has the targeted design, some clients revel the golden jacket and golden dress, while some other clients love white long dress. subsequently removing the characters, we still learnt from our clients that some of our pieces have little differences from the collections of our competitors. But most of clients feel that it is better to remove the Japanese characters from the collection. Generally, The designs are interesting in terms of shape, lengths, and volumes, but some of the models like the jumpsuit are non appreciated by the clients this is bec ause the pieces look easy to wear, but they are hard to sell. Color schemes used for this season are black, white and gold these colors work well than other colors. The buyers complain that the price is higher(prenominal) than their budget given that the pieces are not made in Italy, the client expects that the prices should be considerably lower. another(prenominal) reason why the sales are low is that the brand is new and people have not got used to it people are less likely to buy if the brand is emerging. For this reason, therefore, high price could rag the brand less competitive.

Business - Executive presence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Business - Executive presence - Essay ExampleThis magnetised personality of the singularistic makes him attractive to people, thus the people follow him. Ultimately, people trust the leaders of the executive and they are secure of the sense of self. There are 5 classes of executive presence, which contain the sixteen executive traits. These classes include argument intelligence, risk taking, interpersonal relationship, mathematical process good, and self-development characteristics. The business intelligence characteristics include strategic vs. tactical, whole company perspective, and monetary framework. Risk taking characteristics entail capitalizing on change and ambiguity, leaping ahead in ones career, and going beyond the comfort zone. Interpersonal relationship characteristics include clear communicating, managing vs. leading, and sharing the limelight. Performance improvement characteristics are composed of prioritizing an individuals projects, developing solid think ing skills, and developing discernment. Lastly, self-development characteristics include learned thyself, seeking feedback, gaining confidence, and training. These executive traits are important for the creating the executive presence in any organization. For instance, effective communication in a clear and precise manner is crucial for the development of executive presence. Executive posture Executive presence is possessed by an individual who has a confident and a powerful persona. The charismatic personality of the individual attracts people and makes them follow the individual. Then, people trust in the executives leadership and they are assured of the sense of self. The individual is a strong force within the organization. The individual does non hesitate he or she takes immediate action. He is confident and decisive with the choices and he is not wavered by anything. Even if the individual is wrong, his or her outward demeanor is not affected. He just tries again because ta king risks is his part of the natural approach (Garfinkle, 2011). The individual is assertive and constantly moves forward with what he wants. He believes in something and directs all his force and energy towards it. He is not forceful but very firm with his opinions and ideas. The single with which the individual treats others prevents them from seeing his or her aggressiveness and assertiveness. The individual creates consensus with the others so that they feel included in the concepts that he or she encourages. When he or she leverages his expertise and the areas in which he is experienced, executive presence follows. As individual develops executive traits, he or she builds executive presences into an important component of the current state (Garfinkle, 2011).There are five categories of executive presence which encompass the sixteen executive traits. These categories include business intelligence, risk taking, interpersonal relationship, performance improvement, and self-devel opment characteristics. Business Intelligence Characteristics Strategic vs. Tactical Having tactical skills (that is, the capability to manage day-to-day tasks and actions) is crucial to the achiever of the career. However,

Essay Midterm Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Midterm - Essay ExampleThis paper allow cotton up and analyze the similarities and differences between Kant and Aquinas concepts of morals and the moral value of actions. The positive and negative aspects of both concepts will then be analyzed for their application to a culturally diverse society.Both Kant and Aquinas enlarge a great significance to the role of practical reason in ethical life. Among opposite similarities in thinking, both philosophers emphasize on the immensity of law in ethics and both make claims that real kinds of actions are good and evil in them selves (Hinton, 2002).Practical reason refers to the general human capacity for firmness through reflection, the question of what to do. It considers a set of alternatives to determine what ought to be done (Wallace, 2003). Kant and Aquinas agreed that ethics are derived from practical reasoning and suggested that this concept allows one to distinguish good actions from bad ones.Emphasizing the importance of law in ethics, Aquinas establishes the concept of Natural Law which refers to ones compliance to the order of reason which directs the will. Kant focuses on the concept of Universal law emphasizing that one is obliged to conform to duty by laws that be relevant to us.The dissimilarity among the concepts of right the thinking of Aquinas and Kant emerge the very basic level of the basics of ethics. Aquinas held that what is good should always hold superiority oer what is right. Kant on the other hand toss out this dogma with his own core concept of ethics. He believed that what is right should always hold priority over what is good. His concepts of ethics were based on the thought that moral obligation should be consequential of nothing other than duty. Kant believed the notion of duty to be supreme. For him an action held no moral importance if it was not backed by the motive of duty.Aquinas and Kants principles of ethics also differed in terms of

CORPORATE OWNERSHIP, GOALS, and GOVERNANCE Research Paper

CORPORATE OWNERSHIP, GOALS, and GOVERNANCE - Research Paper moralBlair looks at the functions of owners and concludes that sh beholders do not find sufficient rights to be called the corporate owners. The expression details the rights that owners have such as the right to acquire and dispose off assets and a right to get pelf generated by the asset and its sale. The term claims that shareholders do not possess all these rights instead it is distributed to various stakeholders. The article argues that since these rights are not possessed by shareholders, it burn downnot be said that they are the owners of companies. The author likewise says that commerce shareholders the owners of companies cannot guarantee them the rights of owners. However, the author in conclusion advocates for not distributing these rights because they may discourage investment. The distribution of rights between the shareholders and managers is overly discussed. The shareholders, given that they contrib ute capital, have a right to elect the directors. Directors are the ones who make investment finishs on behalf of the shareholders. The shareholders do not possess the ultimate right to control the decision making of managers. The author says that this is because in large corporations the shareholders may be so many that even the managers may not know whatever of them. Shareholders also have limited liability and so cannot be responsible for the debts of firms. This author says this denies them the ultimate right to say that they are the owners of the firms. To support his argument, the author looks at how corporations create wealth. She says that wealth creation in a firm is not just because of the share capital of shareholders, but other stakeholders such as customers, employees and suppliers also make special investment contributions that are important to the company. The authors say that all stakeholders in the firm are investors. She gives an example of employees who dedicate their time and human resource to serve the firm. Even though they are compensated, they invite to be recognized in the ownership of the firm. In conclusion the article discourages the legal opinion of looking at ownership of firms in terms of assets invested. It argues that the employees also create wealth for firms and their contribution must be respected. The article puts up a strong defense for inclusion of other parties, especially the employees in the ownership of firms. This view is good, but it fails to state what level of ownership can these stakeholders posses. Inclusion of employees as owners of firms just by sexual morality that they help in wealth creation would present a complex scenario in the ownership and solicitude of firms. The only recommendation would be that the employees should be encouraged to buy shares in the firm so that they can be part of owners. Corporate self-command and Governance by Connelly Brian et al The aim of this article is to tell that c orporate governance is not a reserve of the board of directors but also owners participate in the governance of firms. They do this by looking at the different forms of corporate ownership and how they influence decision making in the firm. They divide this in two categories, outside ownership and inside ownership. Inside Ownership This is when stock is held by the insiders. These insiders tend to make decisions that favor the

Health care providers Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Health apportion providers - Assignment ExampleThe paper tells that the basic principle that governs the objectives of health care providers is the duty and responsibility to promote tidy sums health. The idea is not only getting people to stay healthy, but also to maintain their good health over time. In the light of achieving this objective, health care professionals check had difficulties embracing neuter. This has been rooted in the line of services offered and the nature of their profession. To start with, the solicit for health care is derived rather than direct. In this regard, heath care professionals catch always differed in find out what combination yields maximum benefit for health care seekers. A unique consensus lacks among these professionals, thereby constituting the difficulties therein. Consensus close a given way of having things done is fundamental in determining need for limiting and the extent to which change is spread across the identified practitione rs. Change is by great margin characterized by an advancement of a given status or level. Health related advancements take longer to materialize and create the sought after impact in the specific medical field they are tailored to. This as a effect of longer time lags of research and development in health sector. On the same note, health professionals rule a rather fixed profession where most ways of doing things require that a given system, weapon or protocol be followed. Change is an expensive affair. The health sector is primarily financed by the regime through the relevant ministries and agencies. Critical resources need to be put in place for effective actualization of change. Innovativeness, creativity and inventions are key drivers of an intervention that is likely to bring about change. Health care professionals on their own cannot afford to undertake such interventions in the absence of adequate funds. On the same note, modern-day technology ought to be integrated in the process. This factor combination constitutes numerous difficulties in the context of change for and by health professionals. What are some of the ethical issues posed by discipline technology? study technology has been a great boost of the current health care systems in place. Technological advancements have facilitated and aided success into various medical interventions. However, the positives attributed to discipline technology are not without their negative side. estimable issues have been raised in the light of using breeding technology. One of the ethical concerns posed by selective information technology is that confidentiality for health care givers and health care seekers. A lot of information about patients and health care professionals are stored in data bases run through information technology programs (Dewar, 2009). This information is likely to be available to a number of users, even those that it does not concern. The privacy of both parties same is therefo re guaranteed because of the likelihood of access by one person after the other. Computer crimes have also had their impact on the provision of health care. Hacking has become quite common, and the motives behind such acts are ill. Misuses of information stored in computers have also been of ethical concerns to the sector. Both the health care professionals have used this information for personal or for collective gains at the expense of another party. Moral obligations and codes of conduct for both caregivers and patients have been violated, thus the emergence of ethical concerns in the health system, particularly in the application and use of information technology. At some point, social security has been challenged. What are some of the issues that were unique at Hermann Healthcare strategy? How did leadership deal with these issues? Healthcare provision is a practice that requires pulling up adequate resources and funds for effective and efficient

Management, leadership and chnage - Assighnment one - Research Assignment

Management, leaders and chnage - Assighnment one - Research proposal - Assignment ExampleCollectively, this exit illustrate that failure to manage change leads to immense failure.This report will be based on information obtained from, books, news articles, and pertinent journals, which will go a long way in scouting the concept of leadership and change management. The starting point will be a comprehensive emphasize of Nokia to understand its trajectory overtime and more particularly its leadership and significant changes that it has undergone. This shall closely be followed by a wide-ranging literature review of various sources that explicates the various leadership styles. It will then stick out a methodology to be used in conducting the research and end in a abbreviated summary. However, prior to that, we define leadership as the act of setting directions, creating and inspiring others with a vision of achieving some predetermined goals or something new.Nokia is a mobile dev ice manufacturer initiated in1865 by Fredrick Idestam, who was at that time a mining engineer (Nokia 2009). He did a commendable job by building a shew wood pulp mill on the Tammerkoski rapids. The mill was a paper plant to tailor make paper products to the market. Fredrick established a second mill with more hydropower resource near Nokianvirta River near Edwardss Polons company groups. In the year 1871, the chief executive officer employed transformation leadership by renaming and transforming the firm into a share company hence Nokia Ab found. This was to improve quality and decree the market.From the year 1861 to 1930, Edward Polon, the founder and chairman of Board, stepped up the transformation style leading to the development of another good-for-nothing industry in Finland. The company, consequently, build a wood and cable industry where Polon made a decision of naming it Nokia where the majority of his factories were located and where progressive

EU Law Coursework 2008 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

EU integrity Coursework 2008 - Essay Exampleof a Member State to fulfil its obligations under an EC Directive was brocaded in the case of Commission of the European Communities v Portugese Republic.1 The European Commission brought action against Portugal under oblige 226 for a declaration that a feature of its national legislation contravened the accusatorys of the EC Treaty and interfered with the objectives of the Treaty to appropriate free movement of goods throughout the European Union. The Court in this instance rejected all its arguments sustenance its legislation on the grounds of safety and public policy, stating that the Portugese Government was going beyond what was necessary to fulfil the objectives being pursued.2 The Court held that the Portuguese legislation was in contravention of EC Directives and ordered it to pay the be because it was the unsuccessful party in its submissions.3The Commission was able to bring against the member State of Portugal on the forc e play of Article 226. One of the problems in enforcing Community legislation, especially in environmental issues for example, has been the problems of communication and conformity by the Member States which in turn have led to an inadequate application of EC law 4. The objective of Article 226 is to address the insufficient levels of Member state transposition of Directives, because it allows the Commission to start infringement proceeding against the Member State that is not complying with a Directive. Earlier, proceedings under Article 226 appear to have been brought beforehand by the Commission on an ad hoc basis moreover since Member States lot delay the execution of an Article 226 judgment until the penalty provision under Article 228 begins to operate, this provides them with several years wherein the infringement can continue.In its response to the Commission, the UK contends that its legislative process has not yet been fully completed, which has delayed the specific leg islation, only when that the Courts will apply the

Discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 21

Discussion - Assignment workoutThe organization management come up with guidelines that shall enhance quality, which argon then followed by the employees. After a certain period feedback as well as the recommendation from the stakeholders are taken and the quality shop at team make necessary adjustments to foster the quality (Shi, 2007).In contemporary practice, there is always a consensus regarding the right of an individual to freeze off some of the life-sustaining treatments like mechanical ventilation, blood transfusion and purvey of artificial nutrition. The ethical, legal argument that supports this right was framed on the principle of autonomy and the right of a patient to self-determination of care. Resistance to health care describes an individual unwillingness to be helped by a healthcare provider and is manifested by defensive behaviours that may range from minor to aggression. In the facility that I practice, it is noted that risk management of resistance to care has shown to increase safety in the workplace. Some of the strategies that are used in the healthcare organization include increasing the number of staffs, appropriate follow-up of and enhancing protection at the high-risk clinical areas. Staff with different field of specialization helps in handling patients who refuse care, this can be achieved through counselling or explaining the legal repercussion of the act. In addition, enhancing security in the organization helps in averting several risks in the hospital (Kable and McLeod 2012).Some of the interventions that were employed included tally media and promotion whereby mass media campaigns materials, pamphlets, posters and press releases were utilised. Healthcare professionals who enhanced adoption of systematic prevention programs provided health education. The speakers provided concourse education through showing videos that are related to prevention of cardiovascular diseases. In addition, individuals were taught on the merits of burden loss as a

Consequences Of An Older Population Research Paper

Consequences Of An Older community - Research Paper ExampleConsequences of an Older Population Diverse studies have been undertaken to closely monitor factors that wreak living conditions of a population. With vast developments that have been achieved over the past centuries, medical breakthroughs and improved nutrition, concurrent with other(a) innovative products and services have resulted in an increasing piece of aging population worldwide. The athletic field conducted by the collaborative agencies on aging under the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services revealed that most noteworthy increases in the number of people aged 65 and above were identified in developing nations where the percentage increase is projected to reach 140% by the year 2030 (US DHHS, n.d, 2). It has been the natural desire of humans to make up a productive and rewarding life for a ample time. However, despite the obvious benefits of a long life, there are consequences that should be evaluated i n the light of its impact from various perspectives. In this regard, the current study aims to would proffer pertinent issues on the consequences of an older population. ... Medicaid, Medicare, Disability, Welfare and Supplemental Security Income, and The Older Americans Act). Options that could be facilitatory in relieving this potential burden, in terms of increased taxes, Social Security reform, and reduction in service would also be discussed. Finally, from the information gathered from scholarly sources, the paper would propose viable and validated measures to delivery the significant onus of an aging population. Causes of an Increasing Aging Population The study conducted by Schrier (n.d.) identified a significant cause for the aging population being the long-term historical decline in the foulness of the population. In other words, the falling birth rate is responsible for fewer children in the population, and this, in turn, direction that the older age groups will form a larger share (Schrier, n.d, 3). This was supported by the preaching entitled Demographics of an Aging Population provided a clear explanation for the rationale for population age structures in both mortality and fertility transformations, known as demographic transitions (Demographics, n.d). It was reported that the decline in order of mortality were contributed by improved medical breakthroughs, immunizations, personal hygiene and public focus on wellness and cleanliness of the environment, that enabled people to survive from various diseases. On the other hand, fertility rates declined due to an interplay of economic and kind factors. The need to generate more income for the family led to women joining the work force thereby leaving lesser time for child bearing and rearing, especially in developed countries. Trends in Global Aging The US DHHS (n.d.) have revealed trends in global aging, to wit (1) the overall

Iphone Marketing strategy Essay Example for Free

Iphone market outline EssaySince its found, in 2007, and until the end of 2013, apple sold 500 cardinal iPhones. Its an impressive number.in 2012 alone, Apple sold 120 million iPhones,in 2013 Apple sold 160 million iPhones.Without a doubt, the iPhone has become a cult product, a must deplete device.Which are the secrets behind the iPhone astounding victor?To understand the owing(p) iPhone success, and the iPhone phenomenon, we need to start by analyzing the cellular telephone market in the historic period immediately before the absorb of the frontmost iPhone, And the situation inside Apple. Before the iPhone launch, infact, Apple was non a cellular telephone manufacturer, and had zero experience in cellular telephones marketing.Its provided expertise was in computing device hardware, computer software, and in portable music devices (the iPod).In 2005-2006, the cellular telephone market was considered a maturate and saturated market, with particularize margins, dom inated by Nokia and Motorola. And by the Blackberry in the high end, especially in the business and corporate world, which were needing email writing, sending and receiving capability on their cellphone, with a suitable keyboard for texting messages.A be on and saturated market with a fiery competition, such(prenominal) as the cellphone market in 2005-2006, was allowing narrow margins, therefore was unanimously considered unappealing by financial and business analysts.When rumours came out, in 2005-2006, that Apple was in the put to work of developing a cellular telephone, financial and business analysts were at best skeptical. To be true, the consensus among financial analysts was that the Apple cellphone would have been a terrible flop. Some of them were privately saying that they were suspecting Apple executives had gone entirely mad, to enter such a saturated and non-profitable market.Very few, among the business analysts, had the more objective attitude to expert wait and see.Then, the day came, and the iPhone was launched.But Apple began with 3 huge, terrible mistakes. We expand on them onwards.When the iPhone was launched, in June 2007, it make an impact. It impressed. The touch user interface and the sleek and beautiful de preindication by Jonathan Ive and his team made it a masterpiece of technology and design.The iPhone was decidedly a superior product.had a host of pluses against the competition (Nokia, Motorola, Blackberry) It was a super innovative product, a different product from the other cellphones on the market at the time. Moreover, it was significantly larger and bulkier than the other cellular telephones in the market, when the market trend, for age, had been to have smaller and smaller cellphones the smaller cellphone you had, the armored combat vehicle you were.The Apple iPhone went decidedly against the trend.Today, in 2013, with 500 million iPhones sold, and with Apple investment firm market capitalization at $500 billion, i t is easy to affirm that the iPhone has been a game changer. It surely has.Ultimately, today we can affirm that the behavior of the iPhone on the market caused the death of the Blackberry,and the loss by Nokia and Motorola of their previously dominant position in the cellular telephone market.The reason is simpleThe iPhone is a clearly superior product.Its touch jibe features, and its enticing user interface, made the iPhone become a cult product.But in 2005-2006, before it came out, things were different. And the perception was different when the iPhone first came out. No-one, in 2006, would have imagined that an Apple cellphone would have sold 500 million units in 6 years.. No-one would have thought this even in June 2007, when it was launched.The first generation iPhone was launched only in the US on June 29, 2007. It was subsequently launched in three more markets UK, Germany and France 5 months later, in November 2007.In July 2008 the second generation iPhone, the iPhone 3G, was launched at the same time in the US, Canada, UK, Germany, France,Switzerland, Austria, Ireland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, Australia, pertly Zealand, Japan, Mexico and Brasil.The third generation iPhone, the iPhone 3GS, was launched in June 2009.Each iPhone generation had more features that the previous generation, and had longer battery life, and rendered the previous generation iPhones obso permite.The fourth generation iPhone, the iPhone 4, was launched in June 2010. The iPhone 4S was launched in October 2011.The iPhone 5 was launched in September 2012.The iPhone 5C and 5S were launched in September 2013.Planned Obsolescence has been a conscious marketing strategy by Apple. Thus, any Apple costumers knows (or pretend non to know) that he buys a product that in 12 months will become old and obsolete.However, examining the sales data, this planned obsolescence strategy paid off for Apple,But which were the 3 dangerous marketing strategy mistakes that Apple made when it launched the iPhone?The 3 mistakings that Apple made when it launched the iPhone.Mistake 1.To purchase an iPhone, you had to sign a 24 months contract with ATT. You had to marry ATT.And many potence costumers did not want this marriage.you were locked on a 24 months contract with ATT. An expensive contract. In the end, if you were wanting to buy an iPhone, its real cost was more than 2000 dollars. wherefore forcing your costumers to sign a contract with a receipts provider? And why a single provider, not giving any other choice?Why not letting your costumers simply buy an iPhone, and let them free to arrange a contract as they please?Infact, there were numerous complaints by iPhone costumers and potential costumers, on this issue.Even, a widespread hacking practice took place, significantly called jailbreak on several websites appeared step by step instructions on how to hack the iPhone software to let it operate with a different service provider.Infact, 3.3 million iPhones were sold in the US between June andl December 2007, but only 2 million contracts were signed with ATT.Were did the remaining 1.3 million iPhones go?It has to be remarked that the iPhone jailbreak practice infurated Apple executives, who, instead of accept their marketing strategy mistake, criminalized the jailbreaking behaviour, to the point of blackmailing costumers doing the jailbraking.Mistake 2.On June 29, 2007 the iPhone was launched in the US.It was put on sale only in the US, and in no other nation in the world.Only in November 2007, 5 months later, the iPhone was launched in a few other countries. To be precise, it was launched in just 3 other countries UK, Germany and France.In from each one of these countries with the same silly formula that Apple used in the US, forcing the costumer to sign a 24 months contract with a service provider. and in each country with a different provider O2 in the UK, T-Mobile in Germany, Orange in France. This was a bad marketing choice by Apple.There were millions of potential costumers all around the world who were wanting to buy an iPhone, but couldnt, because in their own country it was not on sale.Many of them went to such length to ask to their friends in the US or traveling to the US to buy one for them. Finally, only on July 11, 2008, one full year after the initial launch in the US, the iPhone was put on sale in other countries, in Europe Italy, Spain, Switzerland, Austria, Ireland, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland, Netherlands, Belgiumand in Australia, New Zealand, Canada, Japan, Mexico, Brasil. It was already the 3rd generation iPhone, the iPhone 3G and 3GS.Why so late?Besides, it is interesting to verify the jam and perplexity of different expenditures, terms and monthly fees charged by the service providers in theEuropean countries O2 in the UK, T-Mobile in Germany, Austria and Netherlands, Orange in France, Swisscom in Switzerland, Vodafone in Italy, Telia Sonera in Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland.It was the perfect formula to confuse potential iPhone costumers and drive them away. A self-hammering marketing strategy by Apple.In our opinion, this was a countly wrong marketing strategy by Apple.Infact, numbers do not liefrom July 2008 until the end of 2013, Apple sold a total of 500 million iPhones. From June 2007 until December 2007 when the iPhone was available only in US only 3.3 million iPhones had been sold.Mistake 3 iPhone Pricing.On June 29, 2007, when the iPhone was launched in the US, its retail price was.$599. Just 3 months after, Apple reduce the iPhone price to $399 a 33% rebate . This was an unelegant way to betray and exploit the iPhone early adopters Apple most firm costumers. And infact, many of them complained with Apple.A smart and attentive company must not indulge in such serious mistakes, betraying their most faithful customer base.Apple had other 3 better optionsApple could have waited 1 year before reducing the price of the iPhone, or Apple could have delayed the iPhone launch for 3 months, or Apple could have set the iPhone retail price at $399, since the initial launch. Besides, in July 2008, the iPhone 3G was sold at $199,66% less than the launch price of just one year earlier.This is not a serious pricing policy.Consideration.Each of these 3 mistakes constituted a bottleneck factor which mazed costumers, and seriously hampered the iPhone sales potential in the firstyear and a half.However, in the following years Apple corrected and amended these mistakes, and things went smoothly and successfully for the company.Infact, from 2008 until 2013, Apple sold 500 million units.in 2012 alone, Apple sold 120 million iPhones,in 2013 Apple sold 120 million iPhones.The iPhone was in like manner a precursor product of the iPad.The iPad, infact, has numerous features and technologies which derive from the iPhone, the main one being the touch control system and the user interface. The iPad, infact, is a sort of big brother of the iPhone.The iPhone certainly has been the key product of the spectacular growth of Apple revenues today at $156 billion in 1 year -, of Apple profits, and stock market capitalization today at $500 billion, making Apple the 1 company in Wall St.See more at http//www.vertygoteam.com/apple/iphone_marketing_strategy.phpsthash.YDqfyvTj.dpuf

Web-enabled Database Essay Example for Free

Web-enabled Database EssayTo keep certain information in a corporation, m any assorted set ups ar planned and followed so that the entropy may remain intact and secure as these data information of various departments be pretty essential to keep the flow of work arouse and at a priggish pace. So, once this information is stored the next step is to make sure that it is reliable and give the gate be retrieved whenever undeniable without creating any problems. So, to deal with such circumstances where data retrieval can be unavoidable at anytime a production business or a firm must comprise of an appropriate database management system. Database management systems are necessary because today every thing is figurer found and solely the data and information is stored, circulated and modified through with(predicate) its use, therefore database management system are quite necessary in running an organization without hindrances. Database management systems are either comput er software package product based which require a certain certified software program which can be installed in the PC to make it work in the company while the other kind is the lucre or the meshing-based or web-enabled database management system.It is a suitable process that is applied many conglomerate corporations and big businesses producing efficient and speedy results. The background of internet-based instruction is altering out-of-pocket to the union of the internet and database servers. This paper looks at and describes some of the characteristics, purpose, and interoperable features of Web-enabled databases as they are improving the internet-based instruction by providing advantages to many users (Scamell Umanath, 2007). Database and Web-Enabled DatabaseA database contains properly planned gathering of data for various functions and is mostly in digital figure. A method of making categories in database is through their matter equivalent bibliography, records and calc ulation purpose. Digital databases work is carried through the use of Database Management Systems which is software that is installed in the PC to help in storing data, allowing data forming, and maintenance. Database programs are software applications anticipated for customers to make databases and produce all the programming required to fill them or get rid of them as wished.The display of a database is like a table of a spreadsheet, which consists of rows and columns of records. The columns categorize the characteristics in the table, and the rows are the documentations of the respective data. These tables one track or another look precisely like a spread sheet though the database tables can be influenced and updated in a manner that usually spreadsheets can not perform, and because of this characteristic it crafts a database into a highly significant device (Scamell Umanath, 2007).While, since the internet has become a major part of our lives so it is being use in almost every work imputable to speed, reliability and easy access with out any problems so database management systems too got modernized in shape of web-enabled database. Web-enabled or web-based database smooth the progress of realistic society to converse, find sources for database queries, convey immediate reaction, and modify instructional progressions however it can also be described as a system that makes the availability of central administration of resources, online records compilation, online arithmetical examination, and mutual investigation.The web enabled database varies from a local database as it is installed in a personal reckoner or its connected memory, for type acquaint a CD. Therefore it benefits the corporation in managing their data in a proper and efficient way so that no mishap can occur once the data is required urgently. Layers of Database cookery some(prenominal) database system, be it web-enabled or non-web enabled, requires proper correspondences for operatio n and these arrangement which are an integral part of the system are usually known as stages. There are ternary layers of database management system or planning known as external, conceptual and internal.The primary feature of the Relational Database Model passed in 1969 by Edgar coarse Codd as First-Order Predicted Logic invented these three layers for the data base management system and this feature stills controls the 21st degree Celsius databases systems which are enhanced due to the feature of internet in them. The reasons for designing these layers are appropriate working of the database system and in a proper sequence because sequencing in data warehousing is essentially required plus it does not create any mix ups that might lead to data lost in future.The external layer explains the process and procedure that how the customers or users should understand the relationship of the data. Any particular data file or document might contain a certain amount of readings, recor ds or mirror image at external layer. When it comes to the design of the internal level or layer the purpose of internal layer is to provide a clear picture of the actual storage of data and its development by the computer system.Basically the planning of internal layer concerned with expenses, arrangement, scalability and other certain essential objects of data packets installed or utilize by the clients (Scamell Umanath, 2007). While the layer that amalgamates or connects the previous layers i. e. internal and external is the conceptual layer. It supplies a general examination of the database by providing a clear view of the companys data is storage or supervision, and it can merge the various external views into a reliable data. In these all three layers active directory makes available of a hierarchical data reorganization space.Every data object is altogether if recognized in the database by its entity identification quality, called the Relative Distinguished Name (RDN). T he relative distinguished represent when joined with other major components frames the objects Distinguished Name (DN). The database stores the RDN of every data object plus an trace to the main source object so that database layer can tag on these parent indications and concatenates the future(a) RDN to construct DN. A chief purpose of the database layer is to interpret each DN into a numeric arrangement called the DN tag, which is used for all internal accesses.Reasons for introduction of web enabled database When the internet became an essentially used component in the computers it was believed that more people would head towards internet based software due to easy access and reliability. So the database software were also introduced for web-based working so that people can use them instead of the installed software, it was due to the occurrence that if internet is constantly being used in the company everyday so using the web-enabled database would be cheap and reliable as n o space in fractious disk would be used but the one that is virtually allocated to the user (Scamell Umanath, 2007).Also, for small or local companies it is difficult to install and to sustain the price of the database management software as they are quite pricy due to certified and authorized. An archetype of it can be given through this illustration that a corporation might already found into play a constant link for email and web-browsing, and be in a site to remove advantage of it further for a web-enabled database because if it opts for the selection of database software than almost a figure of ?10,000 per annum, as per financial plan, would be required for to install and program it which would also be used to check emails and internet employment if desired however the precise figure will depend a lot on the mensuration of transfer and usage of the database the company wishes the site to produce. So, this is quite an expensive amount for small scale industries and bus inesses which do not produce a lot of revenue, therefore keeping in mind the situations these companies might face the web-based or web-enabled database were initiated.Also apart from small industries these databases are also used in schools for keeping the proper record of the student body admitted in school since it got accomplished therefore schools cannot afford such expensive software which are basically constructed for the large scale businesses and corporations. Thus in these circumstances people offspring the options of selecting the web-based database due to easy access and result, these database are also sometimes referred to the search engines which are used all over the internet and provide easy and fast results so same is with the output of the web-enabled database (Scamell Umanath, 2007).Differences between web-enabled database and non web-enable database When it comes to the distinguishing of both(prenominal) categories of databases the basic and the primary diffe rence is the internet usage. In web-enabled databases the internet is the base on which the whole database is established while the ones which are non web-enabled are software based however they do provide the access to the internet for various reasons. But there is a great deal of difference between software which is installed in the hard disk for usage and the one which is available on the World Wide Web for benefiting results and availability.So, when it comes to the train of availability, the non-web based databases have higher availability as they are installed in the computer and can be run any time however in caseful web-enabled database the availability same as non web-enabled database if the affiliation of internet is available through out and no problems occur during the connectivity because for the web-based database internet connection is essential and a fast one, to be clear.So availability of both the databases are some how the same depending upon the situation the user is in as some might go against web-enabled databases due to poor network connectivity. As outlying(prenominal) as backup is concerned, web-enabled databases are recommended due to the reason that any system failure or hard disk crash can lead to a loss in non web-enabled databases unless there is a storage device apart from the hard disk space, while web-enabled database have a virtual space or backup due to which the data is reliable so priority goes to the web enabled database over the non web-enabled database in case of backups.However the recent development in the database software is this that now back up plan is also available in the software CDs so this might overcome this weakness (Scamell Umanath, 2007). Performance and compatibility of recent software based database has improved a lot due to development in research of making the software applications reliable and efficient however the more fast they are the more space they require in the hard disk, so it eventually affects the computers speed of work unless the system is sort of a super computer.In this case the web-based database are recommended, noted that the network speed should be fast plentiful to run the program, as the space is allocated virtually and no need of over sized data is required in the PC. Internet connection can have a major affect on the public presentation of web-enabled database as any uploading might slow down or even get cancelled due to poor speed so once a user is following the web-based databases then he or she should make certain if the network speed is supportive.The selection of development police squad is more reliable in software based database installed in the computer because any changes in the software can be make however this feature is not very common in the internet based database as the only purpose is to provide the database technology via internet usage and the user cannot make any changes in the software which is on the internet while any changes can be made in the one which is installed in the PC so for the selection of team for its development the founder is the installed software as the development team can make the changes which the require and this cannot be done in web-enabled database.Security on internet is a confusing term because most of the people go against the fact that internet is secure in safe guarding the data while the database providers go against it as they believe that firewall has a lot of effects but due to the presence of hackers in all places the internet based databases are not recommended for big corporations as it is better safe than sorry for them, therefore if compared then installed software is more reliable in security as the user can have all the authorities in placing the privacy and security(Scamell Umanath, 2007) .Therefore web-enabled database are somehow better but not always a person can rely on them as security reasons are very essential for data storage. Conclusion The amalgamation of the database servers develop Web-based instruction by offering advantages to the small scale industries and other users who cannot afford expensive database software applications for storing and sequencing the data as per the indispensability and necessity.ReferencesScamell, R. W. Umanath, N. S. , (2007), Data Modeling and Database Design, 1st edn, Course Technology, USA

Theatre Model Essay Example for Free

Theatre Model EssayTheatre Royale is a theatre in the suburbs of London. A show is performed on Fri geezerhood, Saturdays and sunshines nights and on the other days the theatre is closed although on some days I go in to check the email and the post to get in concert if some(prenominal) oneness has inquiries.The problem is that far in addition a good deal time is spent on calculating the income made by the theatre by pass on beca implement all the sums are laborious and take a long time to work proscribed by hand or even with a calculator so a com intruster is needed because it could bear on lots of time because tedious sums can be saved as a formula and use again and again. This sit go away be very useful to Theatre Royale because it impart enable me to bed and calculate my income ( improvement or handout) easily, quickly and effectively, as I will explain. On a computer later checking that all my formulas are correct once I can save the correct formulas so at that place will be a very small chance that any of my figures and end results will be incorrect whitheras doing it by hand I had to check if my figures were correct every time I worked bug out any sum if I wanted to break away mistakes occurring. So an advantage is that a computer cuts work through the amount of mistakes happening in a much shorter time. too on a computer my entropy will be clear, distinguished info can be highlighted and any corrections I ramp up wont be seen, whereas when I used to work out the figures on paper it was very messy with crossings out. It was unclear what I was trying to do, to anyone else who looked at the paper. So another advantage is it will be much clearer and easier to read. All these advantages similarly contribute to saving time. So before lots of time was being raddled (time is notes) which could have been used to help the theatre in other aspects and therefore produce more money by having more time. So this pretense will be cost eff ective. Also using a vex I can see if I changed a variable or input how would it tinct my overall income. For ensample What if I paid the cleaners less? or What if I raised the prices of tickets? how would these adjoin my overall income.So using a computer willSave lots of time item most mistakes occurringMake it clear and easy to read and useBe Cost effective alter me to see if I changed a variable or input how it would scratch my overall incomeThe people who will use this model would be me (the manager) and any other employee who I ask to enter some data or check a figure. This means that even though some of my employees will have cognition of computers some wont have a lot of experience in using computers so it moldiness be easy to use. I will combat this problem in the analysis.AnalysisResearch out front beginning this project I did some research. I contacted the Milfield Theatre by e-mail address asking for information on different types of tickets and the ticket prices. T hey sent me back some useful information on ticket prices, which I will use in my projectAdultsConcessions*Performanceon Friday12.0010.00Performances on Saturday and Sunday13.5011.50* Concessions include children under 16, senior citizens and NUS students.They also gave me their telephone number (020 8803 5283). I also visited their Website address (http//www.millfieldtheatre.co.uk/) Their Website was very good. It was very well presented. It was colourful and titles were big and bold. There were pictures separating text or in spaces and watermarks. Maybe I could use a picture or watermark of a theatre or two masks in my model, just to keep the users mind focused and interested but still keeps it on the same theme. Also the Website was simple and clear. It kept me interested and it wasnt hard to follow. These are all things I will need to use to make my model clear, concise and interesting to the user.UsersThe people who would use this model are the manager and any other employee w ho works in the theatre. This means that even though some of the employees will have a good knowledge of how to use computers some of them wont have a lot of experience in using computers so it moldiness be easy to use. For example they essential know exactly where to put their data so some cellular telephonephones could be highlighted to make it easier to see. Also I will protect important formula so people wont by the bye change any of them and ruin the calculations.PrototypeMy model will start off with the different inputs, which will be the fixed be and variable costs from like paying the cleaners, the actors, refreshment and the income from tickets and different refreshments. The issue forth costs will then be worked out and so will the total income. The total costs will then be subtracted from the total income to see if I have made a profit or if I have made a loss. This will be used as a template on three sheets one for Friday, one for Saturday and one for Sunday. On a fourth sheet I will have a compendium of the week with all the totals of different variables for example total number of tickets sold for the whole week. Also listed here will be the profit/loss for the whole week.The model will be reusable by using named cell addresses, which means that instead of writing the cell name e.g. B3 you can lust carry through a name. Data Validation will be used on some of the input cells to stop incorrect data being written and also the message inside the comment niche must be descriptive but concise.Functions and FormulasThese are the processes in the model and they use the inputs to produce the outputs.I will use different percentages in the formula for my model. For example I will use the SUM function to work out the total costs and to work out the total income for the separate days and the totals for the stocky Sheet (sheet 4) and the IF function will also be used to produce in designated cells either PROFIT, if the total costs are less than th e income, or LOSS, if the total costs are more than the total income. This is an example of one of the outputs. This is one reason why I will use Microsoft Excel because it has these different functions and formulas on it whereas on other pieces of software like Microsoft Word these cant be used. I will also use macros as a way of jumping from one sheet to another by having buttons at the bottom of each sheet saying for example Go to Summary sheet or Go to Friday sheet. Visual Basic Editor will be used to make the macros. This will make navigating the model very easy for people who dont have a good idea of how to get to different sheets.Objectives ground on my research above, my solution for the theatre model will have to meet the following criteriaIt must be well presented and must keep the users interest1) Must be colourful2) Titles must be big and bold3) Pictures and watermarks relating to the theme of a theatre4) Tables must be clearly outlined so it can be clearly seen which pi ece of data goes with which table.5) It should be spaced out and not squeezed together so it is clear for the userThe formulae must be protected to avoid any of them being accidentally being changed.Cells, which are important, should be highlighted to bring attention to them.The model must be reusable named cell addresses can be used to give cells a name so instead of writing the cell name you can write the name.The model must calculate the total costs for the different days.The model must calculate the total income for the different days.The model must calculate the profit/loss for a single day by subtracting the costs form the income.The model must calculate the cumulative profit/loss for the day and the previous days.The model must either produce the word PROFIT or LOSS in designated cells using the IF function, whether a profit or a loss is made.A user must be able to navigate and go around the model with ease so macros should be used because they can link the different sheets with buttons.The model should not pose any health risks, whether it is radiation syndrome or making an employee strain his/hers eyes therefore causing headaches.Data validation will be used on input boxes such as tickets sold. Also the message inside the comment box should be clear, descriptive but concise.Different sheets should be labelled so people know what is on the different sheets.Backing up (saving) the information stored must be possible to avoid data loss if the system of hardware fails or in the event of a security breach.The model must be able to show how a change in one or more inputs will affect the overall income. For example if I raised concession ticket prices but lowered ice lap up prices how would this affect my income?

Coming of Age in Mississippi Essay Example for Free

climax of Age in Mississippi EssayNo iodines tone is a smooth sail we all come into stormy weather. This narrative has more truth to it than one may skimpyk. In life, eachbody reaches a rough point, a point where the strike at the end of the tunnel seems dim, or stock-still nonexistent. But oercoming this adversity is what builds character. Accepting and prevailing over lifes obstacles are what separate strong, independent-minded and forward-thinking people from those who give up and avoid their problems. Anne Moody, author of Coming of Age in Mississippi, lived a life of great struggle in which she overcame adversity with great efforts and a dedicated heart and mind. As an African-American female, Anne Moody had one of the hardest battles to fight throughout her life. With limited rights as a woman and even further limitations due to race, she often found herself being subordinated by others. period in high school, she left her hometown of Centreville, Mississippi to spe nd the summer in Baton Rouge, lanthanum. While there, she worked for a local woman, Mrs. Jetson, doing housework. After working for Mrs. Jetson for two weeks, Anne wished to collect her pay. When Anne found Mrs. Jetsons house empty, she recalled On Monday I did call the shoe store, and was told Mrs. Jetson had quit on Friday. I had never before felt so gypped in all my life.Out of all the women I had worked for this woman was the worst (Moody 150). Anne had been cheated out of two weeks worth of pay. She was stupid(p) at Mrs. Jetsons audacity in failing to pay Anne what was rightfully hers. It was difficult to experience jobs where she was tempered with some dignity, and almost impossible to find ones where she was treated as her employers equal. Anne was forced to change jobs ofttimes on account of being disrespected and used. Although no scamming experience was as impactful on Anne as the one with Mrs. Jetson, Anne experience similar situations in jobs she had prior and jobs she took afterward.The summer after being in Baton Rouge, Anne went back to Louisiana this time she stayed in New Orleans. There, she managed to land a job in a chicken factory. What she evaluate to be a thumping, intricate, and somewhat clean workplace turned out to be a noble nightmare. To her shock, she found herself gutting freshly killed chickens for over ten hours a daywithout gloves or proper sanitation whatsoever. roughly the end of the day, Anne recollected her face, arms, and clothes were splattered with blood and chicken bulls eye. I got so disgusted at one point that I stood there and let about a dozen chickens half full of shit pass me by (Moody 178). Along with the other factory workers, Anne is treated with the utmost disregard to dignity and sanitation.She is forced to work excruciatingly long hours for minimum wage, exposed to grotesque dead animals and susceptible to disease. Unfortunately, because the pay was remedy than most other jobs in the area, Anne was forced to stick with her factory work. She worked in the factory for a month, livery her money and gaining exposure to the various stations in the factory. Although she did make very good money under the circumstances, she was deeply affected by her work for years she could not eat chicken and for the rest of her life she refused to eat boxed chicken. The challenge of going to work every morning knowing what she was going to give way was tough, barely her willpower and need for money helped her push through.After high school, Anne applied to and attended Natchez College in Mississippi. During her second year, she was eating in the cafeteria on campus when she and a few other classmates found maggots in their food. Disgusted, she and her classmates stormed into the kitchen to find an explanation for the repulsive experience. She knew exactly where the grits were kept from the time I had worked in the kitchen. I went corking to the pantry and saw that there was a big leak from t he showers upstairs. The water was seeping right consume onto the shelves (Moody 256). Anne and her classmates boycotted the campus cafeteria and its food, refusing to yield until some sanitary fixes were implemented. The challenge here was finding other ways to stay fed.The students did not have enough money to last them more than a week or so, so ultimately they all started back, one by one, to the cafeteria and its semi-sanitary food. Still repulsed, Anne refused to go back and began losing a lot of weight. She became so thin and hungry all the time that she resorted to writing her mother who brought her enough canned food to last the goal of the semester. The challenge in staying fed with healthy, sanitary food was one which presented itself on a large measure for Anne at college and otherwise. Had she been unable to obtain food fromher family, she may have starved to the point of fainting or even death. Overcoming this challenge was just about a matter of life or death for Anne.One of Annes most prominent memories and experiences in her early life was during her college career when she participated in a sit-in in Woolworth. The idea of the sit-in was to sit calmly at a white lunch counter and take for service thus, blacks wanted to show they wished to be treated equally. Of course, doing such a thing drew a lot of attention in very little time, and soon after the sit-in began a large crowd formed in the restaurant. After the crowd of whites realized Anne and her fellow sit-in participants would not reposition until they received service, the mob started smearing us sit-in participants with ketchup, mustard, sugar, pies, and everything on the counter.Soon Joan and I were joined by John Salter, but the moment he sat down he was hit on the jaw with what appeared to be brass knuckles. Blood gushed from his face and someone threw salt into the open wound (Moody 291). The violence that occurred at the sit-in that Anne and her friends had to work is almo st unimaginable. The absolute disrespect, degradation, and cruelty shown to blacks by whites is virtually unbelievable, yet Anne was faced with challenges like these almost every day. Amazingly, Anne was courageous, intelligent, and controlled enough not to fight back and to remain nonviolent no matter what violence was shown to her. Her baron to not fight fire with fire is remarkable, and helped her to overcome the adversity which she so often found herself facing.

Englis Removalist Essay Essay Example for Free

Englis Removalist Essay EssayEngaging texts lead us to reckon about manifestiary issues within society. Discuss with reference to your prescribed test and of at least unmatch adequate to(p) other related text. Significant issues within society are effectively explored through engaging texts. The two-act swindle The Removalists written by David Williamsons explores significant issues within society in Australia in the seventies. The significant issues discovered passim The Removalists include abuse of mightiness and rottenness. Similarly the empowering shoot down Shawshank Redemption directed by Frank Darabount, overly explores issues within society. Unlike David Williamsons The Removalists, Shawshank Redemption explores similar issues within society in America, in the 1940s. A significant issue within society is corruption. Corruption was conveyed passim the play The Removalists. This is patent when Simmonds states We cant bag anything big because there is only the two of us.We can handle anything sm tout ensemble, but then again its hardly worth the effort if its small. Even though Simmonds says this area is the geographical spunk of crime, which portrays his contradicting statements. Since the sub-branch does not handle anything big or handle anything small, it indicates the corruption within the intensity. The character Simmonds again think overs corruption throughout the play when he says I have never made and arrest in all my twenty three years in the force, Ross Simmonds uses irony as Simmonds mentioned that this city has the greatest crime rate, and Simmonds is nevertheless to make an arrest in all his time in the force. Through the character Simmonds, corruption is effectively explored throughout The Removalists. In a similar fashion, the sociable issue of corruption is evident throughout the film Shawshank Redemption. Corruption was evident in the beginning of the movie as throughout Shawshank items were be traded through the s pecie of cigarettes.The fast-paced panning motions were used to show that the trading was illegal but still completed with all the prisoners and several(prenominal) guards. Another way corruption is evident throughout Shawshank Redemption is through the character Andy as he stimulates a large part of corruption throughout Shawshank. All I ask for is three beers a piece for each of my co-workers. Since Andy is doing illegal work for the police Andy asks in a polite odour for something in return for the work he has done. Corruption is also evident when Norton asks another inmate would you be able to testify before the judge? Nortons asks him in a friendly tone and a mortified volume soNorton could let the inmate think he was his friend. The inmate told the truth, which led to the inmate being intentionally killed. This demonstrates in a similar fashion to The Removalists how the societal issue of corruption is evident in Shawshank Redemption. The social issue of the abuse of power is evident throughout The Removalists.This is evident when Simmonds bends down and curves Fionas skirt up a little and says take a close-up one on her thigh. Simmonds actions and words portray his abuse of power within the police force to pick on troubled Fiona. The alluring tone Simmondss used towards Ross to take a externalise of Fionas thigh indicated his plan was to try and use his authority and power he has to seduce Fiona. The social issue of the abuse of power is again evident through the character Simmonds. When Simmonds arrests Kenny, Simmonds abuses his power by repeatedly punches Kenny. Simmonds uses force against Kenny when Kenny undermines him. Pity about Kate. Sergeant. You wouldve been in like Flynn Simmonds resorts to violence because he believes that he has the right to, because he doesnt follow the rulebook.Stuff the rule book up your arse. Through the character Simmonds the social issue of the abuse of power is evident in The Removalists. Similarly, the social issue of the abuse of power is evident throughout Shawshank Redemption. The abuse of power is evident through the warden, Norton. Nothing stops Nothing Or you impart do the hardest time there is. No more protection from the guards The high modality and commanding tone Norton uses is to remind Andy that he is still the boss, and that Andy is under Nortons thumb. It also portrays the abuse of power as Norton who abuses his power as the warden in Shawshank by controlling Andy for his tax frauds.The issue of the abuse of power is again evident through Norton. Theres going to be a book barbeque at the bandaging if you say anything. Norton threatens Andy to keep quiet or his six years of work in the prison to go about the library will turn into ashes. Nortons commanding tone to a beaten up Andy was to hike intimidate and threaten him. The two acts committed by Norton towards Norton displays the social issue of the abuse of power throughout Shawshank Redemption. Through engaging texts significant issues within society are explored effectively. The texts The Removalists and Shawshank Redemption effectively explore and reflect the significant issues within society.

Psychiatric Nursing Essay Example for Free

psychiatrical Nursing EssayPsychiatric give-and-take or mental eudaemonia treatment refers to the field of treatment that is concerned with individualists of each and both age with psychological sickness or psychological suffering, like bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, despair, dementia or neurosis. However, professionals in this field argon given pleonastic teaching in mental treatment, establishing a beneficial coalition that is based on challenging conduct, and the oersight of psychiatrical treatment. The following are some issues facing BC psychiatric soak up the issue of prisoners, inveterate illness, gender, old age and churl trauma. Others include healing choice creation and treatment involvement wellnessful healing and treatment responsibility nurse and customer verdict creation and crisis resolving verdict approaches face clash and position uncertainty. Prisoners Correctional psychological welfare program mainly focuses on suicide avoidance, wisdom and he aling of the psychologically sick, and continuity of psychiatric healing. The psychiatric professional takes part in an essential enjoyment in every one of these plan.The psychiatric professionals responsibility in a punitory situation is exclusive. This is because the nurse might operate like a staff nurse on an inmate element giving psychiatric treatment occupy to prisoners on a given unit or proceed as an outpatient nurse, giving assessments, therapy, or disaster involvement to prisoners in the prevalent inhabitants. weapons platforms differ in size and range of service in quantity to the inhabitants of the region prison, financial yield, and court go-ahead.For instance, a big(p) region prison could give inpatient healing on an inpatient element inside the prison or by means of an agreement by a psychiatric hospital. Smaller region locks up classically agreement their sensitive operate with a local psychiatric hospital. Outpatient- crying(a) services are more lots than not given twenty four hours every day in a bigger confinement, whereas baby prisons could give services merely on the day transfer. A minor prison can hire psychological welfare nurses on a part-time basis or none.Countries time and again drive particular jails inside their jail arrangements to give sensitive psychiatric concern or employ topsy-turvyness surroundings inside every jail to become constant and take awe of intensely psychologically unwell prisoners. A particular inpatient element in a prison could be a set of cells particularly selected to reside psychiatric patients. Depending on the condition, the region psychological health sector of psychological health services whitethorn select or certify the elements for sensitive concern.The elements can be plain confined or empirical accommodation for psychological health patients getting services, apart from an inpatient rank of concern (Achenbach Edelbrock, 1981, p. 281). Chronic illness Treatment dwellings since indiv iduals who are psychologically unwell at times use up lasting therapeutic concern, at times when a treatment residence may be essential. Nevertheless, several(prenominal) treatment dwellings are not set to effectively tackle psychological health concern matters.However, man choosing a treatment dwelling for a cherished individual, make sure that it concentrates on attending to those with mulish psychological sickness. Housing Care services majority of individuals with intractable psychological sickness obtain the repair rank of concern in inhabited bearing services. Normally, they give twenty hour recruitment, space and panel, and stomach with prescription and preparing psychological welfare care arrangements. Grown-up Care services the services are additionally syndicate oriented than housing care services.However usually give similar level of concern. They are additionally suitable for individuals whose place settings are constant. Grown-up care services are not locked, as well as a number them do not give twenty hour employment. However, house sustenance Care dwellings stead is more of a distinctive house in that it provides to a larger extent lesser aggregate of inhabitants and is not normally organized twenty four hours a day. Unluckily, lots of funding for those with saturnine psychological sickness give cover this rank of attention, yet people might require the services of a grown-up attention.Supported existing elements A supported dwelling element, as its name entails, is most suitable for those individuals who are high performing and constant. With supported livelihood, there is less staff control and inhabitants normally exist in apartments are be given services like food, laundry, and medicinal management. Supported livelihood can too be a link to autonomous dwelling, in that if an individual fruitfully contributes in supported macrocosm yearly, one can be capable of changing to a customary residence. Psychiatric elements they are any supported in or united with sickbays.A single category of psychiatric element focuses in temporary sensitive concern, nearly when an individual is a threat to him or herself, or others. The aim of this circumstance is to stabilize the person and relocate herself or himself to an additional type of competence. Another form of psychiatric cistron is the one that is united with a state sickbay, and is frequently a protected capacity for those who need hanker lasting attention. Sexual characteristics. The stand for deed pressurizes that women are allowed to enjoy the uppermost achievable set of corporate and psychological fitness.Creating a relationship between womens individual existence and welfare and their responsibilities in the society, the stand affirms that the delectation of this right is very important to their existence and welfare and their capacity to take part in every area of communal and personalised living.The global meeting on residents and progress accepted that procreative privileges hold confident individual civil liberties that are already familiar in state rules, global individual human rights credentials and other agreement credentials. omprise of general announcement of individual human rights and its 2 fender executive agreements, the global agreement on financial, communal and civilized privileges , which refers to the right of everybody to the pleasure of the uppermost potential set of material and psychological fitness, and the global agreement on public and Political civil liberties , which consists of an summate of welfare related individual civil liberties, such like the freedom of existence, the right to freedom and safeguard of the individual and the freedom to solitude (Ahmann, 1994, p. 4).However, constructing on the global discourses on people and growth and its Program of deed, the policy for an act affirms that the individual privileges of women consist of their freedom to be in charge and come to a decision wit hout restraint and sensibly on issues linked to their sexuality, as well as sexual and generative wellbeing, liberated of intimidation, favoritism and hostility. Hard work has improved to regard physical condition in the support of individual civil rights.When physical situation is measured as an individual right, and not simply a societal excellent, civil liberties and tasks require to be explained consequently. The connection between womens individual civil liberties and welfare has been initiated through the joint hard work of womens welfare and womens privileges supporters. In concentration and overlook of womens welfare matters, especially reproductive fitness, in the lawmaking and modifying frameworks of nations, control been accepted as an element of an organized favoritism besides women. elder age Psychiatric ill health is a severe physical condition trouble in old people.Mental ill health is linked to poorer health result in addition to overstated expenses intended for aged patients with recurring health check checkup situation that are very much common in old age, for instance hip cracks, cancer and heart attack. In elder people, the interaction of synchronized medical conditions and psychiatric and results to overwhelming disability and transience, creating exceptional therapies that have largely been neglected by the health care system. The largest part destructive essentials of unfairness in America include the stigmatization of the very aged and the mentally ill.These prejudiced burdens are apparent in a lack of investigate, and insufficient access to suitable services and healing. Psychological fitness facilities based in the community level mostly lack appropriate services for the aged and personnel qualified to tackle medical needs. Investigation has verified that adults are more equiprobable to be given suitable psychological wellbeing attention, and to contain improved medical results, whilst psychological fitness services are incorp orated with universal health check care in the chief care background.Several schedules with numerous suppliers in numerous surroundings add up to an intolerable weight to individuals for whom persistent sickness and bodily disability are severe restraints. In addition, fewer stigmas related to getting psychiatric attention when they are a fundamental element of universal medicinal concern. Mental health in practice ought to have life-altering outcome. For example, sign of pain and despair can be treated even in older age, even in the presence of severe disease and disability, and also for those who stay in the nursing homes.However our health system has done little to convert this systematic knowledge into clinical practice. The persistent approach among clinicians, patients and the society in general believes that being old implies living with pain and despair. For this reason the older people dont receive the treatment they deserve. Further than the failure to recognize, diagnose , and initiate treatment, recent the undermentioned generation of troubles facing older people with mental ill health is unfortunate quality of care follow up.In most studies elderly nursing home people who receive antidepressant medicinal drug care, just about half of them continue to have sign, yet they dont need treatment changes to make sure that they get well. Infant trauma Expert qualified in the nursing and medical treatment of baby bird sexual oppression are often the first specialists taking care of the pip-squeak and assess needs and can also bare witnesses in court trials. The prime intention of any medical involvement for the boor is carryout a physical assessment, a psychological estimate and legal substantiation for potential proceedings.Children who have sexually been subjugated get to the interest of nurses and physicians in a multiplicity of ways. The electric shaver may be attended to by a private doctor or a nurse practitioner in the urgent situation depar tment of a hospital. Big town repeatedly have selected hospitals that attend to tyke victims of sexual harassments and abuse with qualified, skilled doctors, social workers and nurses. Family may be asked to take a trip some far distance so as to have their child observed and evaluated at one of the dedicated healthcare facilities.A child may also be attended to in the healthcare system through the community or public health, school nurse and outpatient services. Alleged cases of child sexual abuse may moreover be seen first by law enforcement officer who will after that refers the child to the suitable healthcare for assessment. On arrival at the healthcare clinic, the childs parents will be asked to present their complains. The health evaluation of the sexually assaulted child has a number of step which include taking of history, Interviewing the child, physical test, and psychological assessment.History taking is the initial step in the health evaluation. The information about the growth and development of the child is provided by the parents (Ahia, 1997, p. 36). The look forer will generally drive with questions that examines the childs Knowledge about family members, familiar events, and personal data. For example, the interviewer may want to establish that the child knows his or her name, date of birth, and grade in school. From these responses, the researcher will decide the finest way for the child to talk about the assault.The realistic Interviewing practice is the third step where the interviewer remains objective and neutral in meddlesome the child. The questioning should not be threatening to the child or the parents. Researcher should stay as unbiassed and goal as probable in enquiring the child is the second step which varies depending on the age of the child and the level of development. The interviewer will evaluate the childs verbal communication skills and mental and poignant development.The research will usually commence with inquiries that examine the childs knowledge about family members, familiar events, and personal data. For example, the interviewer may want to establish that the child knows his or her name, date of birth, and grade in school. From these responses, the researcher will decide the finest way for the child to talk about the assault. Certain people should not be allowed in the research area. For instance, asking a child questions in front of the alleged offender or interviewing a child in a room full of adult strangers is stressful and will limit colloquy with the child.A parent or guardian in the room may be reassuring for the child and, after the child becomes comfortable with the interviewer, the parent is often able to exit quietly. A suitable liveliness should be situated in the research from the beginning. A proper introduction of everyone present is necessary, as is a coherent, understandable explanation of why the interview is taking place. The researcher should request for, not take f or granted, teamwork, and tally the child that the interview will be as comfortable as possible.The young person essential be given authorization to inquire queries concerning everything that is not understood. A victorious research is one in which the young person is provided with some measure of control, even if it simply means a choice of a toy. Many children who have been sexually harassed have lost an intelligence of power and control over their own bodies and behavior and have learned to be overly compliant and passive. The researcher should set up a universal relationship with the young person before trying to obtain specific information about the victimization.It is over and over again is important to begin by playing with dolls or requesting the child to draw a picture. It is through this early stage that it is most suitable to ask the childs full name. The researcher may require the young person to write it down on the sketch paper. The young person should not be forced to open up right away kind of the interviewer should try to determine what is preventing the child from talking about the abuse. For instance, a parent may be unfounded and confused because a child is making allegations about a boyfriend.That parent may have affright the child prior to the interview or may have threatened the child with removal from the home. It may be essential for the parent to depart the area organized for the interviewer to obtain certain information. Conclusion Psychiatric nursing face cultural and contextual issues in dealing with psychological sicknesses which may include baby disturbances, gender, issues with the inmates, sexual characteristics, chronic illness and old age . The researcher should set up a universal relationship with the different groups so as to come up with proper results as they assist the clients.